Mitochondrion

Definition

A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. They were discovered by Albert von Kölliker in 1857 in the voluntary muscles of insects. The term mitochondrion, meaning a thread-like granule, was coined by Carl Benda in 1898. The mitochondrion is popularly nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell", a phrase popularized by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 Scientific American article of the same name.

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Kennedy Eukaryote Eukaryotic cell Eurekaviridae Evolutionary biology Exosome (vesicle)Extracellular matrix Extrachromosomal DNA F-ATPase FADH2 Facilitated diffusion Fatty acid Fatty acid degradation Fatty acids Fermentation (biochemistry)Fertility factor (bacteria)Filopodium Flagellum Floreoviria Fluorescence microscopy Formyl peptide receptor Fosmid Foundational Model of Anatomy Francevillian biota Frataxin Friedreich's ataxia Friedrich Meves Fritz Albert Lipmann Fumarase Fumaric acid Fungal prion Fungi Fungus Fuselloviridae Gene Gene duplication Genetic code Genetic recombination Genome Genomic island Gerontoplast Giant virus Gibbs free energy Globuloviridae Glucagon Gluconeogenesis Glucose Glutamate aspartate transporter Glutamate dehydrogenase Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycerol phosphate shuttle Glycine cleavage system Glycolysis Glyoxysome Golgi apparatus Gram-negative Granule (cell biology)Greek language Group II intron Group I catalytic intron Guanine Guanosine triphosphate Guttaviridae Hallmarks of aging Halspiviridae Hans Adolf Krebs Haplotype HeLa HeLa cells Heart Heart failure Heinrich Otto Wieland Helper dependent virus Helper virus Heme Henneguya zschokkei Hepatocyte Hereditary spastic paraplegia Heteroplasmy Homeostasis Homologous recombination Homology (biology)Horizontal gene transfer Hormone Huangdiviridae Human evolutionary genetics Human mitochondrial genetics Hydrogen ion Hydrogenosome Hydroxylase IP3R Immune system In vivo Incertae sedis Inclusion (cell)Innate immune system Inner mitochondrial membrane Integral membrane protein Integrative and conjugative element Intermediate filament Intermembrane space Interspersed repeat Intron Invertebrate Ion Iron–sulfur cluster Isocitrate dehydrogenase Isocitric acid Itzamnaviridae Janus green Jeewanu John E. Walker Kappa organism Kearns–Sayre syndrome Krebs cycle Kynureninase Kynurenine LUCA LYRM protein Lactic acid Lamellipodium Last universal common ancestor Latin Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy Leonor Michaelis Leucoplast Lexico Life Ligase Linear chromosome Lipid Lipid bilayer Lipoic acid Liver cell Lomiviridae Long-branch attraction Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase Loricifera Lynn Margulis Lysophospholipase Lysosome MELAS syndrome MERRF syndrome MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit MRNA MT-ATP6 MT-ATP8 MT-CYB MT-ND1 MT-ND2 MT-ND3 MT-ND4 MT-ND4L MT-ND5 MT-ND6 MT-TA MT-TC MT-TD MT-TE MT-TF MT-TG MT-TH MT-TI MT-TK MT-TL1 MT-TL2 MT-TM MT-TN MT-TP MT-TQ MT-TR MT-TS1 MT-TS2 MT-TT MT-TV (mitochondrial)MT-TW MT-TY Magnetococcales Magnetococcidae Magnetosome Malate-aspartate shuttle Malate dehydrogenase Malic acid Malignant transformation Mallophaga Mammal MarineProteo1 Medical Subject Headings Melanosome Membrane potential Membrane transport protein Metabolism Metabolite Metamonad Microbial dark matter Microbody Microfilament Microglia Micrograph Micrographs Microhomology-mediated end joining Micrometre Microparticle Microsporidia Microtubule Microtubule organizing center Mitochondria (song)Mitochondria associated membranes Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial Eve Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein Mitochondrial biogenesis Mitochondrial calcium uniporter Mitochondrial carrier Mitochondrial disease Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis Mitochondrial fission Mitochondrial fusion Mitochondrial intermembrane space Mitochondrial matrix Mitochondrial membrane transport protein Mitochondrial permeability transition pore Mitochondrial replacement therapy Mitochondrial ribosome Mitochondrial shuttle Mitochondrial theory of ageing Mitochondrial uncoupling Mitochondrion (band)Mitophagy Mitoplast Mitosome Mobile genetic elements Mobilome Model lipid bilayer Molecular clock Monoamine neurotransmitter Monoamine oxidase Monocercomonoides Muller's ratchet Multicellular organism Murinae Muscle Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome Mycoplasma laboratorium Myofibril Myopathy Mytilidae Myxozoa N-Acetylglutamate synthase N-terminus NADH NADH dehydrogenase NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)NCBI NLRX1 Naldaviricetes Nanobacterium Nanobe Neanderthal Nebenkern Nipumfusiviridae Nitrite Nitroplast Nobel Prize in Chemistry Non-cellular life Non-coding DNA Nucleic acid Nucleolus Nucleotide Nymphaea alba OPA1 OXA1L Obelisk (biology)Obscuriviridae Octanoyl-ACP Oncocyte Oncocytoma Online Etymology Dictionary Oocyte Ophthalmoparesis Organelle Organism Origin of replication Ornithine transcarbamylase Otto Heinrich Warburg Outer mitochondrial membrane Ovaliviridae Ovum Oxford University Press Oxidation Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative stress Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex Oxygen Oxymonad PMPCB Parabasalid Parakaryon Parenthesome Parkinson's disease Paternal mtDNA transmission Pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pattern recognition receptor Paul D. Boyer Pearson plc Pearson syndrome Pediculus humanus Peroxisome Pesticide Peter D. 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