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Artificial cell

Definition

An artificial cell, synthetic cell or minimal cell is an engineered particle that mimics one or many functions of a biological cell. Often, artificial cells are biological or polymeric membranes which enclose biologically active materials. As such, liposomes, polymersomes, nanoparticles, microcapsules and a number of other particles can qualify as artificial cells.

Related concepts

AIDSAbiogenesisAcademia SinicaAcetic acidAction potentialActivated charcoalActive transportAdsorptionAlbuminAlginateAlginic acidAmino acidsAnimalAntibioticAntigensApicoplastApoptosisArchaeaArtificial gene synthesisArtificial lifeArtificial neuronAsparaginaseAvsunviroidaeBacillus cereusBacteriaBacteriomeBioBrickBioartificial liver deviceBioartificial liver devicesBiocompatibilityBiological dark matterBiological weaponBiosensorBlood substituteBlood typeBrain cellBrain–computer interfaceBuild-a-CellCRISPRCadmium sulfideCancer cellCarbohydratesCarbon dioxideCell (biology)Cell divisionCell encapsulationCell membraneCelluloseCellulose acetateChemotonChloroplastChromoplastChromosomeCircular chromosomeCirculatory systemClonally transmissible cancerCoacervateColicinCollodionColony (biology)CosmidCyborgCytochrome p450CytoplasmCytoskeletonDNADNA replicationDNA transposonDNA virusDefective interfering particleDiarrheal diseasesDiffusionDo-it-yourself biologyDopamineDouble-stranded RNA virusesDrug deliveryDsDNA-RT virusEarliest known life formsElectrochemical gradientEmbolismEmulsionEndogenous retrovirusEndogenous viral elementEndosymbiontEnergyEnvironmental factorEnzymeEnzymesEscherichia coliEukaryoteEuropean CommissionExpanded genetic codeExtrachromosomal DNAExxonMobilFertility factor (bacteria)Flora (microbiology)FosmidFungal prionFungusGastrointestinal systemGeneGene duplicationGene therapyGenesGenomeGenome editingGenomic islandGerontoplastGiant virusGroup II intronGroup I catalytic intronGrowth hormoneHazards of synthetic biologyHeLaHelicobacter pyloriHelper dependent virusHelper virusHemodialysisHemoglobinHemoperfusionHepatocyteHepatocytesHomogenizerHorizontal gene transferHormonesHydrogelHydrogenosomeHypercholesterolemiaIfosfamideImmune modulationImmune responseImmune systemImmunoisolateImmunosuppressionIn silicoInborn error of metabolismIncertae sedisInterspersed repeatIon channelsIslets of LangerhansJ. Craig Venter InstituteJeewanuKappa organismLactose intoleranceLast universal common ancestorLesch–Nyhan syndromeLeucoplastLeukemiaLeukocyteLifeLinear chromosomeLipid bilayer fusionLipid membraneLipid membranesLipidsLipoproteinsLiposomeLiposomesLiver failureLymphosarcomaMacromoleculeMacrophageMaterials scienceMelanomasMemristorMetabolismMicellesMicro-encapsulationMicrofluidizerMirror lifeMitochondrionMitosomeMobile genetic elementsMobilomeModel lipid bilayerMonoclonal antibodiesMonolayerMoorella thermoaceticaMutagenesisMycobacterium tuberculosisMycoplasma genitaliumMycoplasma laboratoriumMycoplasma mycoidesNa+/K+-ATPaseNanobacteriumNanobeNanoparticleNanotechnologyNecrosisNeuromorphic computingNeuronNeurotransmitterNitroplastNon-cellular lifeNon-coding DNANucleic acidNucleic acid analogueOpen synthetic biologyOrgan transplantOrganelleOrganismOrigin of replicationOxidative stressPHPancreatic cancerParakaryonParathyroid chief cellPeptidesPerfusionPhagemidPhospholipid bilayerPhospholipidsPlantPlasmidPlastidPolylysinePolymerPolymersPolymersomePospiviroidaePrionProdrugsProphageProteinoidProteinsProtistProtocellProvirusR-factorRNARNA-dependent RNA polymeraseRNA thermometerRNA virusRNA worldRNA world hypothesisRed blood cellRed blood cellsRegenerative medicineRegistry of Standard Biological PartsRenal failureRepeated sequence (DNA)ReplicantReplicate (biology)Replicon (genetics)RespirocyteRetrotransposonRetrovirusRetrozymeRibozymeRudolf VirchowSatellite (biology)Secondary chromosomeSelf-replicationSemipermeableSemipermeable membraneSoft robotSol-gelSolubilityStaphylococcus aureus alpha toxinStem cellsSubviral agentsSulphobesSunlightSurface areaSuspension (chemistry)Synthetic GenomicsSynthetic biological circuitSynthetic biologySynthetic gene databaseSynthetic genomicsSynthetic immunologySynthetic virologyTandem repeatTargeted drug deliveryThermoplasticThomas ChangTi plasmidTop-down and bottom-up designToxicityToxinsTranscription (genetics)Transduction (genetics)Translation (biology)Transposable elementTranspovironTrophosomeTumorType 1 diabetesTyrosinaseTyrosineUnilamellar liposomeUniversity of California, BerkeleyUniversity of California, DavisUniversity of Nebraska–LincolnUnnatural base pairVaccinesVector (molecular biology)Viral vectorViroidViromeVirophageVirulence factorVirusVirusoidVolumeWetware computerXeno nucleic acidXenobiology

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