Nucleotide

Definition

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth. Nucleotides are obtained in the diet and are also synthesized from common nutrients by the liver.

Related concepts

2'-MeCCPA 2,2'-Pyridylisatogen tosylate 2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine 2-Chloroadenosine 2-Cl-IB-MECA 2-Methylthio-ATP 2-Methylthioadenosine triphosphate 2-Methylthioladenosine diphosphate 2-Methylthioladenosine monophosphate 2-Thio-UTP 3-Aminoisobutyric acid 3-Chlorostyrylcaffeine 3-Ureidopropionic acid 4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6'-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid 4,5-dihydroorotic acid 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)amiloride 5-Aminoimidazole ribotide 5-BDBD 5-Bromouridine 5′-diphosphate 5-Formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide 5-Hydroxyisourate 5-Methylcytidine 5-Methyluridine 5-Methyluridine diphosphate 5-Methyluridine monophosphate 5-Methyluridine triphosphate 5-OMe-UDP 5-phosphorybosylamine 5′-Phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole 5′-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine 6-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone 6-S-((4-Nitrophenyl)methyl)-6-thioinosine 7-Methylxanthine 8-Aminoadenine 8-Chlorotheophylline 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-Phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-Phenyltheophylline A-317491 A-438079 A-740003 A-804598 A-839977 A3P5PS AF-353 AICA ribonucleotide ALS AMPαS AR-C 118925XX AR-C 66096 AR-C 67085MX AR-C 69931MX ATL-146e ATL-444 AZ-10606120 AZ-11645373 AZD-4635 Abiogenesis Acefylline Adenine Adenosine Adenosine-5'-(β-thio)-diphosphate Adenosine-5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate Adenosine diphosphate Adenosine monophosphate Adenosine receptor Adenosine triphosphate Adenylosuccinate Allele Allopurinol Amflutizole Amine Amino acid Aminophylline Aminopterin Angelica sinensis Apadenoson Archaeogenetics Aromatic hydrocarbon Artificially Expanded Genetic Information System Aspartate Aspartate carbamoyltransferase Aspartic acid Atoms Azathioprine BAY 60–6583 Bamifylline Barbiturate Base pair Base pairing Behavioural genetics Benzbromarone Benzodiazepine Beta-Ureidoisobutyric acid Binodenoson Biochemistry Biology Biomolecules Biosynthetic Brilliant Blue G BzATP C1330-7 CGH-2466 CGS-15943 CGS-21680 CP-532,903 CRISPR gene editing CTP synthetase CV-1808 CVT-6883 Cafedrine Caffeic acid Caffeine Caffeine citrate Calcium Calmidazolium Cangrelor Capadenoson Carbamoyl aspartic acid Carbamoyl phosphate Cartazolate Cell membrane Cell signaling Chelerythrine Choline theophyllinate Chromosome Chrysophanol Cibacron blue Ciforadenant Cilostazol Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamomum osmophloeum Classical genetics Clopidogrel Coenzyme A Cofactor (biochemistry)Complementarity (molecular biology)Concentrative nucleoside transporters Conservation genetics Copper Cyclic ADP-ribose Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Cyclic di-AMP Cyclic di-GMP Cyclic guanosine monophosphate Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate Cyclic nucleotide Cyclic nucleotides Cytidine Cytidine diphosphate Cytidine monophosphate Cytidine triphosphate Cytogenetics Cytoplasm Cytosine D-β,γ-Me-ATP D5SICS DMPX DMeThPmR DNA DNA replication DNA sequencing DNaM De novo synthesis Decynium-22 Denufosol Deoxyadenosine Deoxyadenosine diphosphate Deoxyadenosine monophosphate Deoxyadenosine triphosphate Deoxycytidine Deoxycytidine diphosphate Deoxycytidine monophosphate Deoxycytidine triphosphate Deoxyguanosine Deoxyguanosine diphosphate Deoxyguanosine monophosphate Deoxyguanosine triphosphate Deoxyinosine Deoxyinosine monophosphate Deoxyinosine triphosphate Deoxyribonucleic acid Deoxyribonucleoside Deoxyribonucleotide Deoxyribose Deoxyuridine Deoxyuridine diphosphate Deoxyuridine monophosphate Deoxyuridine triphosphate Deoxyxanthosine Deoxyxanthosine monophosphate Deoxyxanthosine triphosphate Diadenosine pentaphosphate Diadenosine tetraphosphate Diadenosine triphosphate Dihydroorotase Dihydroorotate oxidase Dihydrothymine Dihydrouracil Diinosine pentaphosphate Dilazep Dimethazan Dipyridamole Diquafosol Directionality (molecular biology)Diuridine triphosphate Double helix Dyphylline Ecological genetics Elinogrel Emodin Enprofylline Entecavir Enzyme Enzyme inhibitor Epigenetics Equilibrative nucleoside transporters Estradiol Etazolate Ethanol Etrumadenant Evans blue (dye)Evodenoson Evolution Familial hypercholesterolemia Febuxostat Fenethylline Flavin adenine dinucleotide Flavin group Flavin mononucleotide Flavour enhancer Folic acid Food additive Formate Freebase (chemistry)GR 79236 GW-791343 Gefapixant Gene Genetic code Genetic diversity Genetic engineering Genetic genealogy Genetic history of Africa Genetic history of Europe Genetic history of Italy Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas Genetic history of the British Isles Genetic history of the Middle East Genetic monitoring Genetic variation Geneticist Genetics Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia Genome Genome editing Genomics Glossary of genetics Glutamine Glycine Glycineamide ribonucleotide Glycosidic bond Guanine Guanosine Guanosine diphosphate Guanosine monophosphate Guanosine pentaphosphate Guanosine triphosphate Guide RNA HENECA HIV HT-AMP He Jiankui genome editing incident Hepatitis Heredity Hexobendine Histidine History of genetics Hydroxyl group Hypoxanthine IBMX INS-365 INS-37217 ISAM-140 ISAM-R316 IUPAC IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry Imaradenant Immunogenetics In vitro In vivo Index of genetics articles Inosine Inosine diphosphate Inosine monophosphate Inosine monophosphate synthase Inosine triphosphate Inosinic acid Introduction to genetics Inupadenant IsoPPADS Isovaleric acid Istradefylline Ivermectin JNJ-47965567 KF-26777 KGO-2142 KGO-2173 KN-04 (inhibitor)KN-62 Kaempferol Ketone L-β,γ-Me-ATP LUF-5835 LUF-5845 Lamivudine Life Ligand (biochemistry)Ligusticum wallichii List of genetic codes List of genetics research organizations Liver Lu AA41063 Lu AA47070 MRE3008F20 MRS-1191 MRS-1220 MRS-1334 MRS-1523 MRS-1706 MRS-1754 MRS-2159 MRS-2179 MRS-2211 MRS-2219 MRS-2279 MRS-2365 MRS-2395 MRS-2500 MRS-2578 MRS-2690 MRS-2693 MRS-2768 MRS-2957 MRS-3777 MRS-4062 MSX-2 MSX-3 MSX-4 MTORC1 Macromolecule Magnesium MeThPmR Medical genetics Membrane transport protein Mendelian inheritance Mericitabine Metabolic intermediate Metabolism Methotrexate Microbial genetics Missing heritability problem Moiety (chemistry)Molecular evolution Molecular genetics Molecular geometry Monomer Mutation Muvadenant Mycophenolic acid Myo-inositol Myricetin N6-Cyclopentyladenosine N6-Methyladenosine NADP+NECA (drug)NF-023 NF-110 NF-157 NF-279 NF-340 NF-449 NF-546 Namodenoson Neladenoson dalanate Nicotinamide Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate Niraxostat Nucleic acid Nucleic acid analogue Nucleic acid metabolism Nucleic acid notation Nucleic acid sequence Nucleobase Nucleoside Nucleoside triphosphate Nucleotide salvage Nutrient Oligonucleotide Oligonucleotide synthesis Opiranserin Organelle Organic compound Orotate Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase Orotic acid Orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase Orotidine 5'-monophosphate Outline of genetics Oxidized-ATP Oxipurinol P0 receptor P2X purinoreceptor P2Y receptor P2 receptor PAPET-ATP PPADS PPAT PPNDS PRPP PRPS1 PSB-0474 PSB-0739 PSB-10 PSB-11 PSB-1114 PSB-1115 PSB-12062 PSB-1901 PSB-36 PSB-603 PSB-788 Paraxanthine Pemetrexed Pentose Pentose phosphate pathway Pentoxifylline Personalized medicine Phenol Red Phenolphthalein Phloridzin Phosphate Phosphate group Phosphoramidite Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphoribosylamine Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase Phytic acid Piclidenoson Pistacia integerrima Plant genetics Plasma membrane monoamine transporter Polymeric Polymers Polynucleotide Population genetics Population genomics Pralatrexate Prasugrel Preladenant Primary hyperoxaluria Primer (molecular biology)Primordial soup Progesterone Propentofylline Propolis Protecting group Protein Proxyphylline Pseudouridine Puerarin Purine Purine analogue Purine metabolism Purine nucleotides Purine receptor Purines Purotoxin 1 Pyrimidine Pyrimidine analogue Pyrimidine metabolism Pyrimidine nucleotides Pyrophosphate Quantitative genetics Quercetin R5P RNA RNA world RO-3 Radiolabeled Radionuclide Radix puerariae Reactive Blue 2 Receptor (biochemistry)Receptor modulator Redox Regadenoson Regrelor Reuptake inhibitor Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor Reverse genetics Reversine Rheum officinale Rhubarb Ribonucleic acid Ribonucleoside Ribonucleotide Ribonucleotides Ribose Ribose 5-phosphate Ro 0437626 Ro 51 Rolofylline SCH-442,416 SCH-58261 SDZ WAG 994 Selodenoson Sipagladenant Sodium ferulate Sofosbuvir Sonedenoson Spinal muscular atrophy Suramin TC-P 262 TNP-ATP TRNAs Taminadenant Tecadenoson Telbivudine Tenofovir alafenamide Tenofovir disoproxil Tetramethylpyrazine Theacrine Theobromine Theodrenaline Theophylline Thymidine Thymidine diphosphate Thymidine monophosphate Thymidine triphosphate Thymine Ticagrelor Ticlopidine Timeline of the history of genetics Tisopurine Topiroxostat Tozadenant Trabodenoson Tracazolate Transcription (genetics)Tryptophan UK-432,097 Umami Uracil Uric acid Uridine Uridine-5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate Uridine 5´-(β-thio)-diphosphate Uridine diphosphate Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine Uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine monophosphate Uridine triphosphate VUF-5574 Vipadenant Wybutosine Xanthine Xanthine oxidase Xanthosine Xanthosine diphosphate Xanthosine monophosphate Xanthosine triphosphate YZG-331 ZM-241,385 Zinc Α,β-Methylene-ATP Β-Alanine

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