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Extrachromosomal DNA

Definition

Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found off the chromosomes, either inside or outside the nucleus of a cell. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes contained in the nucleus. Multiple forms of extrachromosomal DNA exist, and, while some of these serve important biological functions, they can also play a role in diseases such as cancer.

Related concepts

5S ribosomal DNA AIDS Abiogenesis Adaptive immunity Adjuvant Alternative flatworm mitochondrial code Amino acids Animal Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Antigen Apicomplexa Apicoplast Archaea Archaeon Aromatic compounds Artificial cell Ascidian mitochondrial code Avsunviroidae Bacteria Bacterial conjugation Bacteriome Base excision repair Biological dark matter Borg (microbiology)Breast cancer Cancer Cancer cell Cell (biology)Cell division Cell nucleus Central nervous system Centromere Chlorophycean mitochondrial code Chloroplast Chloroplast DNA Chloroplasts Chromatin Chromoplast Chromosome Circular chromosome Clonally transmissible cancer Cloning vector Coacervate Colicin Copy-number variation Cosmid Covalent bond CpG site Cryptosporidium Cytokines Cytoplasm D-loop DNA DNA replication DNA transposon DNA vaccination DNA virus Defective interfering particle Double-strand break Double-stranded RNA viruses Double minute DsDNA DsDNA-RT virus DsRNA E. coli Earliest known life forms EcDNA Echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code Electron transport chain Endocrine system Endogenous retrovirus Endogenous viral element Endosymbiont Epithelial Eukaryote Eukaryotic cells Extrachromosomal circular DNA Fertility factor (bacteria)Fosmid Fungal prion Fungus Gene Gene amplification Gene arrangement Gene duplication Genetic code Genetic engineering Genetic heterogeneity Genome Genomic instability Genomic island Gerontoplast Giant virus Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive bacteria Group II intron Group I catalytic intron HIV HPV Hairpin loop HeLa Helper dependent virus Helper virus Heredity Homoplasmy Horizontal gene transfer Hydrogenosome IFN Incertae sedis Innate immune system Innate immunity Inner mitochondrial membrane Interspersed repeat Invertebrate mitochondrial code Inverted repeats Jeewanu Kappa organism Kidney tumor Last universal common ancestor Leucoplast Life Light microscopy Linear chromosome Lipopolysaccharide Lyme disease MRNA Malaria Methylated Mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial depletion syndrome Mitochondrial matrix Mitochondrion Mitosome Mobile genetic elements Mobilome Model lipid bilayer MtDNA Mutation rate Mutations Nanobacterium Nanobe Nitroplast Non-Mendelian inheritance Non-cellular life Non-coding DNA Nucleic acid Nucleoid Nucleotide Oncogene Oncogenes Oncogenic virus Organelle Organism Origin of replication Parakaryon Pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pathogenesis Paul Mischel Peripheral nervous system Phagemid Photosynthesis Plant Plasmid Plasmids Plastid Plastids Point mutations Pospiviroidae Prion Prokaryote Prophage Proteinoid Protist Protocell Protozoa Provirus Pterobranchia mitochondrial code R-factor RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RNA polymerase RNA virus RNA world RRNA Reactive oxygen species Repeated sequence (DNA)Replicon (genetics)Restriction sites Retrotransposon Retrovirus Retrozyme Ribosomal protein Ribozyme Satellite (biology)Satellite DNA Scenedesmus obliquus mitochondrial code Secondary chromosome Self-replication Sequoia sempervirens Spirochaete SsDNA Stomach cancer Subviral agents Sulphobes Synthetic virology TLR3 TLR4 TLR7 TLR8 TLR9 TRNA Tandem repeat Telomere The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code Thraustochytrium mitochondrial code Ti plasmid Toll-Like Receptor Toxoplasma Transcription (genetics)Transcriptome Transposable element Transpoviron Trematode mitochondrial code Trophosome Uniparental inheritance Vertebrate mitochondrial code Vineet Bafna Viral vector Viroid Virome Virophage Virulence factor Virus Virusoid Xenobiotics Yeast mitochondrial code

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