DNA repair

Definition

DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. A weakened capacity for DNA repair is a risk factor for the development of cancer. DNA is constantly modified in cells, by internal metabolic by-products, and by external ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, and medicines, resulting in spontaneous DNA damage involving tens of thousands of individual molecular lesions per cell per day. DNA modifications can also be programmed.

Related concepts

5-methylcytosine 53BP1 6-O-Methylguanine 7-methylguanosine 8-Oxoguanine 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine ADP-ribosylation AGT II AP endonuclease AP site ATM serine/threonine kinase ATP hydrolysis Accelerated aging disease Adaptive response Adduct Adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine triphosphate Aging DNA Alkylation Animals Annealing (biology)Apoptosis Aromatic Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 related Ataxia telangiectasia Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related Ataxia telangiectasia mutated Aziz Sancar B-cell receptor BRCA1 BRCA2 BRIP1 Bacteria Bacteriophage Base excision repair Base pair Beta-secretase 1 Biomolecule Bloom syndrome Bloom syndrome protein Breast cancer C-Jun N-terminal kinases CHD1L CHD4 CHEK1 CRISPR CRY1 CRY2 CUL4A Caenorhabditis elegans Caloric restriction Cancer Cancer epigenetics Carbohydrate Carcinogenesis Catalytic Cell (biology)Cell cycle Cell cycle checkpoint Cell division Cell nucleus Cellular senescence Cellular signaling Chemotherapy Chromatid Chromatin Chromatin remodeling Chromosomal crossover Chromosomal rearrangement Chromosome Chromosomes Cockayne syndrome Colon cancer Conservation (genetics)Cosmic rays CpG site CpG sites Crosslinking of DNA Cyclin Cyclin-dependent kinase Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Cytoplasm D-loop DDB1 DDB2 DNA DNA Repair (journal)DNA adduct DNA damage DNA damage (naturally occurring)DNA damage checkpoint DNA damage theory of aging DNA demethylation DNA end resection DNA error DNA glycosylase DNA helicase DNA ligase DNA methylation DNA methyltransferase DNA mismatch repair DNA oxidation DNA photoionization DNA polymerase DNA polymerase eta DNA repair-deficiency disorder DNA replication DNA sequence Daughter cell Deamination Deinococcus radiodurans Depurination Direct DNA damage Directionality (molecular biology)Double-strand break repair model ERCC1 ERCC2 ERCC4 ERCC5 ERCC6 ERCC8 (gene)ETS1 Electromagnetic spectrum Endogenous Endonuclease Epigenetics Error detection and correction Escherichia coli Ester Eukaryote Eukaryotes Eukaryotic Evolution Excinuclease Excision repair Excision repair cross-complementing Exogeny Expression of concern Extremophile FANCA FANCB FANCD2 FANCE FANCF FANCG FANCI FANCL FANCM FANC proteins Fanconi anemia Fanconi anemia, complementation group C Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 Fossil record Free radical Free radical damage to DNA Fungi G0 phase G1 phase G2 phase Gamete Gamma ray Gene Gene conversion Gene dosage Gene expression Gene therapy Genome Genome instability Germ line Germline mutation H2AFX H3K36me3 HEK 293 cells HMGA1 HMGA2 Hayflick limit Helicase Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer Heterochromatin Heterogeneity Histone Histone-modifying enzymes Histone modification Histones Homodimer Homologous chromosome Homologous recombination Homology (biology)Homology directed repair Hoogsteen base pair Hot springs Human Human mitochondrial genetics Hydrogen peroxide Hydrolysis Immune system Indirect DNA damage Inherited human DNA repair gene mutations that increase cancer risk Intercalation (biochemistry)Ionizing radiation Kinase Ku (protein)LIG3 LIG4 Lesion Leukemia LexA Li-Fraumeni syndrome Life expectancy Life extension Lipid Longevity Lymphoma MDC1 MLH1 MRE11 MRE11A MSH2 MTOR Malignant Mammalian Maximum life span Medicine Meiotic recombination checkpoint Messenger RNA Metabolic activity Metabolic rate Metabolism Metaphase Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine methyltransferase Methylation Mi-2/NuRD complex MiR-155 MicroRNA Microhomology-mediated end joining Mismatch repair Missense mutation Mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA Mitosis Molecular lesion Mouse Mutagen Mutation Mutation Research (journal)Naked mole-rat Nanometre Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Nick (DNA)Nobel Prize Nobel Prize in Chemistry Non-homologous end joining Noncoding DNA Nuclear DNA Nucleic acid Nucleotide excision repair Nutrient sensing O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase Olaparib Oncogene Operator (biology)Organelles Oxidative deamination Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative stress Oxoguanine glycosylase Oxygen catastrophe P21 P53 PALB2 PARP1 PCNA PMS2 POLI Palindromic Paul Modrich PcrA Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Phosphodiester Phosphorylation Photolyase Photoreactivation Photosynthesis Plant Pleiotropy Point mutation Poly ADP ribose polymerase Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polymerase Polymerases Polymeric Post-translational modification Postreplication repair Potassium bromate Potassium chromate Precambrian Primary structure Processivity Progeria Programmed cell death Prokaryotes Prokaryotic Proliferating cell nuclear antigen Promoter (genetics)Proofreading (biology)Protease Protein Protein O-GlcNAc transferase Protein kinase Proteins Purine Pyrimidine dimer Pyrimidine dimers RAD18 RAD23A RAD23B RAD51 REPAIRtoire RNA RNF8 Radiation Radical (chemistry)Radioactivity Radiotherapy Reactive oxygen species RecA RecBCD RecF pathway RecQ helicase Replication fork Replication protein A Replication stress Repressor Ring pucker SIRT6 SOS box SOS response S phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae Senescence Sgs1 Shock response Short hairpin RNA SiDNA Signal transduction Signal transduction pathway Slx4 Spirochetes Stephen B. Baylin Stoichiometric Structural motif Supercoil Superoxide dismutase T-cell receptor TET enzymes Telomeres Tertiary structure Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 The New York Times Thermophilic bacteria Thymine dimer Tomas Lindahl Topoisomerase Toxicity Toxin Transcription-coupled repair Transcription (biology)Transcription (genetics)Trichothiodystrophy Tumor Tumor suppressor gene Tumour heterogeneity UV light Ubiquitin ligase Ultraviolet Ultraviolet light Uracil-DNA glycosylase UvrABC endonuclease V(D)J recombination Vertebrate Vinyl chloride Virus Wavelength Werner's syndrome Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase X-ray XPA XPB XPC (gene)XRCC1 XRCC4 Xeroderma pigmentosum Yeast

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