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Ribosome

Definition

A ribosome is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Related concepts

16S ribosomal RNA 18S ribosomal RNA 2'-O-methylation 23S ribosomal RNA 28S ribosomal RNA 30S 40S 40S ribosomal protein S10 40S ribosomal protein S11 40S ribosomal protein S12 40S ribosomal protein S13 40S ribosomal protein S14 40S ribosomal protein S15 40S ribosomal protein S15a 40S ribosomal protein S16 40S ribosomal protein S17 40S ribosomal protein S18 40S ribosomal protein S19 40S ribosomal protein S2 40S ribosomal protein S20 40S ribosomal protein S21 40S ribosomal protein S23 40S ribosomal protein S24 40S ribosomal protein S25 40S ribosomal protein S26 40S ribosomal protein S27 40S ribosomal protein S27a 40S ribosomal protein S28 40S ribosomal protein S29 40S ribosomal protein S3 40S ribosomal protein S30 40S ribosomal protein S3a 40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform 40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1 40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 2 40S ribosomal protein S5 40S ribosomal protein S7 40S ribosomal protein S8 40S ribosomal protein S9 5.8S ribosomal RNA 50S 5S ribosomal RNA 60S 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 60S ribosomal protein L10 60S ribosomal protein L10-like 60S ribosomal protein L10a 60S ribosomal protein L11 60S ribosomal protein L12 60S ribosomal protein L13 60S ribosomal protein L13a 60S ribosomal protein L14 60S ribosomal protein L15 60S ribosomal protein L17 60S ribosomal protein L18 60S ribosomal protein L18a 60S ribosomal protein L19 60S ribosomal protein L21 60S ribosomal protein L22 60S ribosomal protein L23 60S ribosomal protein L23a 60S ribosomal protein L24 60S ribosomal protein L26 60S ribosomal protein L27 60S ribosomal protein L27a 60S ribosomal protein L28 60S ribosomal protein L29 60S ribosomal protein L3 60S ribosomal protein L30 60S ribosomal protein L31 60S ribosomal protein L32 60S ribosomal protein L34 60S ribosomal protein L35 60S ribosomal protein L35a 60S ribosomal protein L36 60S ribosomal protein L36a 60S ribosomal protein L37 60S ribosomal protein L37a 60S ribosomal protein L38 60S ribosomal protein L39 60S ribosomal protein L4 60S ribosomal protein L41 60S ribosomal protein L5 60S ribosomal protein L6 60S ribosomal protein L7 60S ribosomal protein L7a 60S ribosomal protein L8 60S ribosomal protein L9 A-site Acrosome Active site Ada E. Yonath Adenosine Affinity label Alanine Albert Claude Amino acid Amino acids Aminoacyl-tRNA Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Aminoglycoside Amyloplast Anatomical terms of microanatomy Animal cell Antibiotic Anticodon Apicoplast Archaea Archaeal initiation factor-1 Archaeal initiation factor-3 Archaeal initiation factor-5 Archaeal initiation factor-6 Archaeal initiation factors Archaeal translation Autophagosome Axoneme Bacteria Bacterial initiation factor Bacterial translation Basal body Biomolecular complex Biomolecular condensate C-terminus Catalysis Cell (biology)Cell biology Cell membrane Cell nucleus Cell wall Centrifugation Centriole Centrosome Charles Kurland Chemistry Chloramphenicol Chlorarachniophyte Chloroplast Christian de Duve Chromoplast Cilium Codon Conformational proofreading Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States Cripavirus internal ribosome entry site Cryogenic electron microscopy Cryptomonad Crystallography Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Cytosol Deinococcus radiodurans Disulfide bonds E-site EEF-1 EEF1A2 EEF1A3 EEF1B2 EEF1B2P1 EEF1B2P2 EEF1B2P3 EEF1D EEF1E1 EEF1G EEF2 EF-4 EF-G EF-Ts EF-Tu EIF-2 kinase EIF1 EIF1AX EIF1AY EIF1B EIF2 EIF2A EIF2B EIF2B1 EIF2B2 EIF2B3 EIF2B4 EIF2B5 EIF2S1 EIF2S2 EIF2S3 EIF3 EIF3A EIF3B EIF3C EIF3D EIF3EIP EIF3F EIF3G EIF3H EIF3I EIF3J EIF3K EIF3M EIF3S6 EIF4 EIF4A EIF4A1 EIF4A2 EIF4A3 EIF4B EIF4E EIF4E2 EIF4E3 EIF4G EIF4G2 EIF4G3 EIF4H EIF5 EIF5A EIF5A2 EIF5B EIF6 ERF1 Elaioplast Electron microscope Elongation factor Elongation factor P Endomembrane system Endoplasmic reticulum Endosome Endosymbiont Endosymbiotic Enzyme Escherichia coli Eukaryote Eukaryotic Eukaryotic cell Eukaryotic initiation factor Eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit (60S)Eukaryotic ribosome Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)Eukaryotic translation Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma Exocytosis Exosome (vesicle)Extracellular matrix Filopodium Five prime end Flagellum Foundational Model of Anatomy GFM1 GFM2 GSPT1 GSPT2 George Emil Palade Gerald Edelman Gerontoplast Glutathione Glyoxysome Golgi apparatus Granule (cell biology)Haloarcula Howard Hughes Medical Institute Hydroxyl Inclusion (cell)Initiation factor Intermediate filament Internal ribosome entry site Joanna Sułkowska Knotted protein Kozak consensus sequence LGTN LSU rRNA Lamellipodium Leishmania Leucoplast Lysosome MRNA MRPS1 MRPS10 MRPS11 MRPS12 MRPS13 MRPS14 MRPS15 MRPS16 MRPS17 MRPS18 MRPS19 MRPS2 MRPS20 MRPS21 MRPS22 MRPS23 MRPS24 MRPS25 MRPS26 MRPS27 MRPS28 MRPS29 MRPS3 MRPS30 MRPS31 MRPS32 MRPS33 MRPS34 MRPS35 MRPS4 MRPS5 MRPS6 MRPS7 MRPS8 MRPS9 MT-RNR1 MT-RNR2 MT-TV (mitochondrial)MTIF1 MTIF2 MTIF3 Magnetosome Medical Subject Headings Medicinal chemistry Melanosome Messenger RNA Methionine Microbody Microfilament Microtubule Microtubule organizing center Mitochondria Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L1 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L10 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L11 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L13 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L14 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L15 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L16 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L17 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L18 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L19 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L2 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L20 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L22 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L23 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L24 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L25 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L26 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L27 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L28 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L29 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L3 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L30 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L31 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L32 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L33 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L34 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L35 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L36 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L37 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L38 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L39 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L4 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L40 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L5 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L6 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L7 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L8 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L9 Mitochondrial ribosome Mitochondrion Molecular machine Myofibril NCBI Nanometre Nature (journal)Nitroplast Nobel Prize Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Non-coding RNA Nucleic acid tertiary structure Nucleolus Nucleomorph Nucleotide Operon Organelle P-site Parenthesome Peptide bond Peptidyl transferase Peroxisome Phagosome Plastid Polymer Polypeptide Polypeptide chain Polysome Posttranslational modification Probable ribosome biogenesis protein RLP24 Prokaryote Prokaryotic Prokaryotic cytoskeleton Prokaryotic initiation factor-1 Prokaryotic initiation factor-2 Proteasome Protein Protein biosynthesis Protein domain dynamics Protein dynamics Protein folding Protein synthesis Proteinoplast Pseudoknot Pseudopodium Pseudouridine RACK1 RNA RNA Tertiary Structure RNA world RPS25 RRP15 Radial spoke Reading frame Redox Release factor Ribocyte Ribonucleoprotein particle Ribose Ribosomal RNA Ribosomal protein Ribosomal protein S6 Ribosomal protein SA Ribosome-associated vesicle Ribosome biogenesis Ribozyme Romanian-American Rough endoplasmic reticulum SSU rRNA SUI1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Secretory pathway Sedimentation Sedimentation coefficient Self-replicating machine Shine-Dalgarno sequence Signal peptide Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Spindle pole body Spliceosome Start codon Stop codon Susan J. Baserga Svedberg Svedberg unit Symbiotic bacteria TRNA TSFM Tannosome Tetrahymena thermophila Thermus thermophilus Thomas A. Steitz Three-domain system Threonine Transcription (genetics)Transfer RNA Translation (biology)Translation initiation factor IF-3 Ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 Undulipodium Vacuole Vault (organelle)Vectorial synthesis Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Vesicle (biology and chemistry)Weibel–Palade body Wobble base pair X-ray crystallography Ångström

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