Metabolism

Definition

Metabolism refers to the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that occur within living organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are the conversion of energy in food into a usable form for cellular processes; the conversion of food to building blocks of macromolecules (biopolymers) such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the excretion of metabolic wastes. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow, reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells. In a broader sense, the set of reactions occurring within the cells is called intermediary metabolism.

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1-alpha-hydroxylase 3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 3-MCPD 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase 4-Hydroxynonenal 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase 4-aminobutyrate transaminase 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase 5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein 5-alpha reductase 6-phosphogluconolactonase 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase 7-Dehydrocholesterol 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase ACADL ACADM ACADS ACADSB ACADVL ACER1 ACER2 ACER3 AIR synthetase (FGAM cyclase)ALAS1 ALAS2 AMP deaminase ASAH1 ASAH2 ASAH2B ASAH2C ATP citrate lyase ATP synthase Acceptable daily intake Acesulfame potassium Acetogenesis Acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Acetylcholine Acetylcholinesterase Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein Acrylamide Action potential Active site Active transport Acyl-CoA Acyl CoA dehydrogenase Adenine Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase Adenosine deaminase Adenosine diphosphate Adenosine monophosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adenosylhomocysteinase Adenylosuccinate lyase Adenylosuccinate synthase Adulterant Advantame Aerobic organism Aerobic respiration Aflatoxin Agmatinase Al-Risalah al-Kamiliyyah fil Siera al-Nabawiyyah Alanine Alanine cycle Alanine transaminase Alcohol metabolism Alcohols Aldehyde Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1 Aldicarb Aldolase A Aldolase B Aldolase C Aldose reductase Aldosterone Aldosterone synthase Aliphatic compound Alitame Alkane Alkene Allosteric regulation Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid Alpha-Mannosidase Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase Alpha-galactosidase Alpha-ketoglutarate Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein Amidophosphoribosyltransferase Amino acid Amino acid metabolism Amino acid synthesis Amino acids Amino sugar Aminoacyl-tRNA Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase Aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic acid synthase Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase Ammonia Amoebiasis Amphiphiles Anabolic Anabolism Anaerobic respiration Ancient Greek Androgen Anisakiasis Annual Review of Biochemistry Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure Annual Review of Microbiology Annual Review of Plant Biology Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Anoxygenic photosynthesis Anthropogenic metabolism Antibiotic Antibiotic use in livestock Antibody Antimetabolite Antioxidant Arabidopsis thaliana Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase Archaea Arginase Arginine Argininosuccinate lyase Argininosuccinate synthase Aristotle Aristotle's biology Armand Marie Leroi Aromatase Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Aromatic amino acid Arsenic contamination of groundwater Artificial gene synthesis Arylformamidase Arylsulfatase A Arylsulfatase B Ascorbate Asparaginase Asparagine Asparagine synthetase Aspartame Aspartame-acesulfame salt Aspartame controversy Aspartate Aspartate carbamoyltransferase Aspartate transaminase Aspartic acid Aspartylglucosaminidase Aspic Australian meat substitution scandal Autotroph Bacteria Bacterial cell structure Bacteriology Basal metabolic rate Battery theory Benzene Benzene in soft drinks Benzoic acid Beta-galactosidase Beta-glucuronidase Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase Beta-mannosidase Beta-ureidopropionase Beta oxidation Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase Bicarbonate Bihar school meal poisoning incident Bile Bile acid Bile pigment Biliverdin reductase Biochemist Biochemistry Biodegradation Bioenergetics Biogeochemical cycle Bioinorganic chemistry Biolipid Biological membrane Biological thermodynamics Biomimetic synthesis Biomolecule Bioorganic chemistry Bioorganometallic chemistry Bioorthogonal chemistry Biophysical chemistry Biopolymer Biopreservation Bioremediation Bioretrosynthesis Biosynthesis Biotechnology Bisphenol A Bisphosphoglycerate mutase Blood sugar Botulism Bow tie (biology)Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex Branched-chain amino acid Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase Bread fraud Breast milk fraud Butyrylcholinesterase C3 carbon fixation C4 carbon fixation CAD (gene)CLN3 CLN5 CLN6 CLN8 CTP synthetase CYP17A1 CYP24A1 CYP27A1 Calciferol Calcium Calorimetry Calvin cycle Campylobacter jejuni Cancer Canning Carbamoyl phosphate synthase II Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I Carbohydrate Carbohydrate catabolism Carbohydrate metabolism Carbohydrates Carbon Carbon dioxide Carbon fixation Carboxylation Carboxylic acid Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II Carotenoid Carrelame Catabolic Catabolism Catalase Catalysis Catechol-O-methyl transferase Cell (biology)Cell Metabolism Cell adhesion Cell biology Cell cycle Cell membrane Cell signaling Cellular respiration Cellulose Centre for Food Safety Ceramidase Ceramide Ceramide glucosyltransferase Cheese analogue Chemical biology Chemical energy Chemical reaction Chemiosmosis Chemolithotroph Chemosynthesis Chemosynthesis (nanotechnology)Chemotroph Chitin Chloride Chlorine Chloroform Chlorophyll Chloroplast Chlororespiration Chlorpyrifos Cholesterol Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme Cholesterol total synthesis Choline Choline acetyltransferase Cholinesterase Chondroitin sulfate Chromatography Citrate Citric acid Citric acid cycle Classical element Clinical chemistry Clinical nutrition Clostridium perfringens Cobalamin Coenzyme Cofactor (biochemistry)Coffee substitute Cold chain Confit Conspiracy theories Contaminated land Control theory Convergent synthesis Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase Cori cycle Corticosteroid Cortisol Cortisone Coupling (physics)Crassulacean acid metabolism Creatine Creatine kinase Cronobacter Cryptosporidiosis Curing (food preservation)Custom peptide synthesis Cyanide Cyanobacteria Cyclooxygenase Cyclosporiasis Cystathionine beta synthase Cystathionine gamma-lyase Cysteine Cytochrome P450 Cytochrome b6f complex Cytoskeleton Cytosol D-cysteine desulfhydrase DCMP deaminase DDT DNA DNA microarray DNA repair DNA replication DPYS DXP reductoisomerase DXP synthase DeLey-Doudoroff pathway Deamination Decarboxylation Dehydration reaction Dehydrogenase Denitrification Deoxyribonucleotide Deoxyribose Desaturase Desmosterol Devon colic Diacylglycerol lipase Diamine oxidase Dieldrin Diet (nutrition)Diethylstilbestrol Diffusion Digestion Digestive enzyme Dihydrofolate reductase Dihydroorotase Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Dihydropteroate synthase Dihydropyrimidinase Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate Dimethylallyltranstransferase Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds Diphyllobothriasis Direct process Disaccharide Discrimination testing Dissipative system Disulfide bond Divergent synthesis Dolichol kinase Domain (biology)Dopamine Dopamine beta-hydroxylase Drug Drug metabolism Dulcin EXT1 EXT2 (gene)E number Ecology Eduard Buchner Efficacy Egg fraud Egg substitutes Eicosanoid Eicosanoid metabolism Eicosanoids Electrochemical gradient Electrolyte Electron microscope Electron transport chain Electrosynthesis Elephant Enantioselective synthesis Endocannabinoid system Endosymbiont Endothelial NOS Energy Enolase Enoyl-CoA hydratase Enoyl ACP reductase Enoyl CoA isomerase Enterovirus Entner-Doudoroff pathway Entropy Enzyme Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme kinetics Enzymes Epinephrine Ergosterol Erythrose 4-phosphate Escherichia coli Esing Bakery incident Essential amino acid Essential fatty acid Ester Estrogen Ethanol Ethanol fermentation Ethanol metabolism Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Eukaryote European Food Safety Authority Evolution Evolutionary history of life ExPASy Experiment Extracellular fluid Famine Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase Fasciolopsiasis Fasciolosis Fat Fat catabolism Fat substitute Fatty-acid metabolism Fatty-acid metabolism disorder Fatty-acyl-CoA synthase Fatty acid Fatty acid degradation Fatty acid metabolism Fatty acid synthase Fatty acid synthesis Fatty acids Fermentation Fermentation (biochemistry)Fermentation (food)Fermentation in food processing Ferritin Ferrochelatase Ferrous Fertility (soil)Fibrous protein Flavoring Fluid balance Flux Folic acid Food Food Information and Control Agency Food Standards Agency Food additive Food allergy Food and Agriculture Organization Food and Drug Administration Food and drink prohibitions Food chemistry Food coloring Food contaminant Food desert Food drying Food engineering Food fortification Food fraud Food industry Food irradiation Food libel laws Food manufacturing Food marketing Food microbiology Food packaging Food politics Food power Food preservation Food processing Food psychology Food quality Food rheology Food safety Food safety in Australia Food safety incidents in China Food safety incidents in Taiwan Food science Food security Food service Food storage Food swamp Food technology Foodborne illness Formaldehyde Formamidase Formate Formic acid Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase Freeze-drying Friedrich Wöhler Frozen food Fructolysis Fructose Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase Fruit preserves Fucosidase Fully automated synthesis Fumarate Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase Functional group Futile cycle GCS1 GLB1 GMP reductase GMP synthase (glutamine—hydrolysing)GTP cyclohydrolase I Galactokinase Galactolysis Galactosamine-6 sulfatase Galactose Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Galactose mutarotase Galactosylceramidase Gamma-Aminobutyric acid Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase Ganglioside Gasotransmitter Gastrointestinal tract Gene expression Genetically modified food Gephyrin Geranyl pyrophosphate Giardiasis Globoside Globular protein Glossary of biology Glossary of chemistry terms Glucin Glucocerebrosidase Glucogenic amino acid Glucokinase Gluconeogenesis Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Glucose 6-phosphatase Glucose 6-phosphate Glucuronosyltransferase Glutamate Glutamate decarboxylase Glutamate dehydrogenase Glutamic acid Glutaminase Glutamine Glutamine synthetase Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase Glutathione Glutathione S-transferase Glutathione synthetase Glycan Glycemic index Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycerate 3-phosphate Glycerides Glycerol Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycerol dehydrogenase Glycerol kinase Glycerolipid Glycerophospholipid Glycine Glycogen Glycogen synthase Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Glycolipid Glycolysis Glycoprotein Glycoproteins Glycosaminoglycan Glycoside hydrolase Glycosides Glycosphingolipid Glycosylation Glycosyltransferase Glyoxylate cycle Glyoxylic acid Gnathostomiasis Greek language Green sulfur bacteria Growth factor Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase Guanine Guanine deaminase Guanosine monophosphate HADHA HADHB HEXA HEXB HGH controversies HGSNAT HIV HK1 HK2 HK3 HMG-CoA HMG-CoA reductase HMG-CoA synthase HSD3B1 HSD3B2 Hans Adolf Krebs Hans Kornberg Heme Heme oxygenase Hemoglobin Heparan sulfate Hepatic fructokinase Hepatitis A Hepatitis E Heterocyclic Heterocyclic amine Heterotroph Hexokinase Hexosaminidase High-fructose corn syrup Histamine Histamine N-methyltransferase Histidine Histidine ammonia-lyase Histidine decarboxylase History of biochemistry History of molecular biology Holism Homeostasis Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase Homoserine Hormone Host (biology)Human food Human iron metabolism Human nutrition Hunter syndrome Hurdle technology Hurler syndrome Hydrogen Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates Hydrolysis Hydrophile Hydrophobe Hydrothermal synthesis Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase Hydroxyl Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase ICA meat repackaging controversy IMP dehydrogenase ISO 22000 Ibn al-Nafis Iduronate-2-sulfatase Iduronidase Igunaq Immunology Inborn errors of metabolism Index of biochemistry articles Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase Inorganic compound Inosine Inosine monophosphate synthase Inosinic acid Inositol phosphate Insensible perspiration Institute for Food Safety and Health Insulin Insulin index Insulin receptor International Association for Food Protection International Food Safety Network Intestinal parasite infection Ion channel Ion gradient Iron Iron(II) oxide Iron–sulfur world hypothesis Isolated system Isoleucine Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase Isopentenyl pyrophosphate Isoprene Isothermal microcalorimetry Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase Jugging KEGG Keto acid Ketogenesis Ketogenic amino acid Ketone Ketone bodies Ketone body Ketosis Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal Kynureninase L-gulonolactone oxidase L-threonine dehydrogenase L-xylulose reductase Lactase Lactate dehydrogenase Lactic acid Lactic acid fermentation Lactose Lactose synthase Lanosterol Lanosterol 14α-demethylase Lanosterol synthase Laser ablation synthesis in solution Last universal common ancestor Laws of thermodynamics Lead poisoning Leloir pathway Leucine Leucine 2,3-aminomutase Leukotriene Leukotriene-A4 hydrolase Leukotriene C4 synthase Leukotriene D4 hydrolase Life Light-dependent reactions Lindane Lipid Lipid metabolism Lipids Lipogenesis Lipolysis List of bacon substitutes List of biochemists List of food additives List of food contamination incidents List of food labeling regulations List of food safety organisations List of foodborne illness outbreaks List of foodborne illness outbreaks by death toll List of foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States List of meat substitutes List of nutrition guides Listeria Lithotroph Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase Louis Pasteur Lugduname Lysine MANET database MMAA MMAB MMACHC MMADHC MOCS1 MOCS2 MOCS3 Macromolecule Magnesium Malathion Malic acid Malnutrition Malonyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Mannose Mannose-6-phosphate Mannose phosphate isomerase Mannosidase Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome Meat substitute Mechanosynthesis Medicinal chemistry Melamine Melanin Melatonin Mercury in fish Messenger RNA Metabolic control analysis Metabolic disorder Metabolic engineering Metabolic intermediate Metabolic network Metabolic network modelling Metabolic pathway Metabolic syndrome Metabolic waste Metabolism (disambiguation)Metabolite Metabolome Metabolomics Metalloprotein Metallothionein Methamidophos Methanogen Methionine Methionine adenosyltransferase Methionine synthase Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Methylerythritol phosphate Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase Methylmalonyl CoA epimerase Mevalonate kinase Mevalonate pathway Mevalonic acid Microbial metabolism Microorganism Microphysiometry Milk substitute Minamata disease Mineral (nutrient)Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Mitochondrial matrix Mitochondrial trifunctional protein Mitochondrion Modified atmosphere Modified starch Molecular biology Molecular dynamics Molecular evolution Molecule Molybdopterin Monoamine neurotransmitter Monoamine oxidase Monoamine oxidase A Monoamine oxidase B Monomer Monosaccharide Monosaccharides Monosodium glutamate Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident Morquio syndrome Mozambique funeral beer poisoning Multicellular organism Muscle Muscle contraction Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycotoxin N-Acetylglutamate synthase N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase N-linked glycosylation NADH NADP+NAGA (gene)NMR spectroscopy NOS1 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization National Food and Drug Authority Natural product Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone Neotame Nerve Network theory Neuraminidase Neurochemistry Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitters Niacin (nutrient)Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Nitrate Nitric oxide Nitric oxide synthase Nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible)Nitrification Nitrogen Nitrogen cycle Nitrogenous base Nitrosamine Non-equilibrium thermodynamics Non-mevalonate pathway Nonylphenol Norovirus Nucleic acid Nucleic acid metabolism Nucleic acids Nucleobase Nucleobases Nucleoside Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase Nucleosides Nucleotide Nucleotide metabolism Nucleotide salvage Nucleotide sugar Nucleotides Nutrition Nutrition facts label Nutritional rating systems O-linked glycosylation Olestra Oligosaccharyltransferase Olive oil fraud Oncometabolism One-pot synthesis Open system (systems theory)Operation Weak Meat Organic certification Organic compound Organic molecule Organic solvent Organic synthesis Organism Organochloride Organotroph Origin of life Ornithine aminotransferase Ornithine decarboxylase Ornithine transcarbamylase Ornithine translocase Orotate Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase Osmotic pressure Outline of biochemistry Overflow metabolism Overnutrition Oxaloacetate Oxaloacetic acid Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative stress Oxygen PAPSS1 PAPSS2 PCBD1 PFKFB1 PFKFB2 PFKFB3 PFKFB4 PFKL PFKM PFKP PH PKLR PKM2 PTGS1 PTGS2 PTS (gene)PYCR1 Palmitoyl protein thioesterase Pancreas Pantothenate kinase Pantothenic acid Paragonimiasis Parasite Parasitic disease Parasitology Pascalization Pentose Pentose phosphate pathway Peptide bond Peptide synthesis Peroxidase Persistent organic pollutant Pesticide Pharmacology Phenylalanine Phenylalanine hydroxylase Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase Phosphagen Phosphatase Phosphate Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphofructokinase 1 Phosphofructokinase 2 Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Phosphoglycerate Phosphoglycerate kinase Phosphoglycerate mutase Phospholipase A2 Phospholipase C Phospholipid Phospholipids Phosphomevalonate kinase Phosphopentose epimerase Phosphopentose isomerase Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase Phosphorus Phosphorylase Phosphorylation Photophosphorylation Photorespiration Photosynthesis Photosynthetic pigment Photosynthetic reaction centre Photosystem Phototroph Phyllodulcin Phylogenetic tree Phylogenetics Phylum Pickling Pinworm infection Plant Plasma membrane Plastid Poison Pollution Polyamine Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polyketide Polymer Polynucleotide Polyol pathway Polysaccharide Polyunsaturated fatty acid Porphobilinogen deaminase Porphobilinogen synthase Porphyrin Potassium Potential energy Potjevleesch Potted meat Prawn fraud Pregnenolone Preservative Primary nutritional groups Primary structure Processing aid Prokaryote Proline Proline oxidase Propionyl-CoA Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Prostacyclin synthase Prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase Prostaglandin D2 synthase Prostaglandin E synthase Prostanoid Protease Protein Protein Data Bank Protein biosynthesis Protein catabolism Protein folding Protein kinase Protein metabolism Protein methods Protein purification Proteins Proteoglycan Proteolysis Proteomics Protist Proto-metabolism Proton Protoporphyrinogen oxidase Purine Purine metabolism Purine nucleoside phosphorylase Purine nucleotide cycle Purple bacteria Pyrimidine Pyrimidine biosynthesis Pyrimidine metabolism Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase Pyruvate Pyruvate carboxylase Pyruvate dehydrogenase Pyruvate kinase Pyruvic acid QDPR Quality Assurance International Quinone RNA RNA virus RNA world hypothesis Radioactive tracer Radiosynthesis Radiosynthesis (metabolism)Reactive oxygen species Reactome Receptor (biochemistry)Redox Reducing agent Reductase Reductionism Regulation Regulatory enzymes Respirometry Retinoid Retinol binding protein Retrosynthetic analysis Reverse Krebs cycle Reverse cholesterol transport Reverse transcription Riboflavin Riboflavin kinase Ribonucleotide reductase Ribose Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase Ribose 5-phosphate Ribosome Ribozyme Rillettes Rotavirus RuBisCO SGSH SLC17A5 SPTLC1 SRD5A1 SRD5A2 SULT1A1 SULT2A1 Saccharin Saccharopine dehydrogenase Salivary gland Salmonella Salt substitute Salting (food)Sanfilippo syndrome Santorio Santorio Satiety value Seafood fraud Second law of thermodynamics Second messenger system Seed oil misinformation Semisynthesis Sensory analysis Sepiapterin reductase Serine Serine C-palmitoyltransferase Serine dehydratase Serine hydroxymethyltransferase Serotonin Sex hormone Shellfish poisoning Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli Shikimate pathway Shikimic acid Shortening Shrimp fraud Sialic acid Sleeping Sly syndrome Smoking (cooking)Sodium Sodium benzoate Sodium chloride Sodium cyclamate Solid-phase synthesis Solvothermal synthesis Sorbitol Sorbitol dehydrogenase Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition Specific dynamic action Sphingolipid Sphingolipid metabolism Sphingolipids Sphingomyelin Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 Sphingosine Sphingosine kinase Spliceosome Spontaneous process Squalene Squalene monooxygenase Standards organization Starch Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 Steroid Steroid biosynthesis Steroid metabolism Steroid sulfatase Steroid synthesis Steroidogenesis Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein Steroids Sterol Sterol-C5-desaturase-like Stomach Stream metabolism Structures Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate (biochemistry)Succinic acid Succinyl-CoA Sucralose Sudan I Sugar Sugar acid Sugar substitute Sugaring Sulfatase Sulfate Sulfatide Sulfide Sulfotransferase Sulfur Sulfur metabolism Swill milk scandal T-tubule Tang (drink mix)Tea fraud Terpene Terpenoid Tetrahydrobiopterin Tetrapyrroles The Parts of Animals Thermodynamic equilibrium Thiamine Thiamine diphosphokinase Thiolase Thiophorase Thiosulfate Thomas D. Brock Three-domain system Threonine Threonine aldolase Thromboxane-A synthase Thylakoid Thymidylate synthase Thyroid hormone Tocopherol Total synthesis Toxic oil syndrome Toxin Toxocariasis Toxoplasmosis Trace element Trans fat Transaldolase Transaminase Transcription (genetics)Transfer RNA Transit map Transition metal Transketolase Translation (biology)Tricarboxylic acid cycle Trichinosis Trichuriasis Triglyceride Triokinase Triosephosphate isomerase Tripeptidyl peptidase I Tryptophan Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Tryptophan hydroxylase Tyndallization Type II diabetes Tyrosinase Tyrosine Tyrosine aminotransferase Tyrosine hydroxylase UDP-glucose 4-epimerase UDP-glucuronate 5'-epimerase UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1 UGCG UPB1 Unicellular organism United Kingdom BSE outbreak United Kingdom food information regulations Urate oxidase Urban metabolism Urea Urea cycle Uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine monophosphate synthetase Urocanase Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase Uroporphyrinogen III synthase Vacuum packing Valine Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease Vegetable oil Vertebrate Vibrio cholerae Virology Virus Vitalism Vitamin Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin B12 Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin K epoxide reductase Volume combustion synthesis Water Water fluoridation controversy Wax Wine fraud Work (thermodynamics)Xanthine oxidase Xenobiotic Xenobiotic metabolism Xylose metabolism Xylosyltransferase Yeast Zinc Α-ketoisocaproate dioxygenase Β-Ketoacyl ACP reductase

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