Signal transduction

Definition

Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors, although in some cases the term sensor is used. The changes elicited by ligand binding in a receptor give rise to a biochemical cascade, which is a chain of biochemical events known as a signaling pathway.

Related concepts

3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase ADP ribosylation factor AKT AMP-activated protein kinase ATF6 Actin Action potentials Adenylate cyclase Adhesion-GPCR Adrenal gland Adrenal medulla Akt/PKB signaling pathway Alfred G. Gilman Alkaloid Apoptosis Arabidopsis thaliana Arginine Arginine kinase Autocrine Autocrine signalling BSCL2 B cell Basement membranes Basophils Biochemical cascade Biosemiotics Bruton's tyrosine kinase CAMP-dependent pathway CAMP-dependent protein kinase CD44 CGMP-dependent protein kinase CHUK Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Cadherin Calcineurin Calcium Calcium channel Calcium signaling Calmodulin Calmodulin-dependent kinase Calreticulin Cancer Carbon monoxide Casein kinase Casein kinase 1 Casein kinase 2 Caspase Cell (biology)Cell adhesion Cell adhesion molecules Cell differentiation Cell division Cell growth Cell migration Cell nucleus Cell signaling Cell surface receptor Cell surface receptors Cellular communication (biology)Cellular differentiation Central nervous system Ceramide Chaperone protein Chemical conformation Chemical synapse Chemokine Circadian clock Claude Bernard Clonal selection Co-receptor Collagen Computational biology Cone cells Constitutive activation Crosstalk (biology)Cyclic AMP Cyclic AMP receptors Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Cyclic guanosine monophosphate Cyclin Cyclin-dependent kinase Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein Cytokine Cytokines Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Cytosol DYRK1A DYRK1B DYRK2 DYRK3 DYRK4 DeLisi Dendritic spines Diacyl glycerol Dictyostelium Diglyceride Disease Dopamine Dual-specificity kinase Dual-specificity phosphatase EDARADD EF hand EIF-2 kinase EIF2AK3 Earl Wilbur Sutherland Endocrine signaling Endocrine system Endoplasmic reticulum Endorphins Epidermal growth factor Epidermal growth factor receptor Epinephrine Epithelial cell Erection Ernest Starling Eukaryote Eukaryotes Eukaryotic Eumetazoan Exocrine gland Extracellular Extracellular matrix Eye Feedback mechanism Fibronectin Fluid mosaic model Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase Focal adhesions Fragment crystallizable region Free radical Frizzled Function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase Fungal mating pheromone receptors G-protein G-protein–coupled receptor GNA11 GNA12 GNA13 GNA14 GNA15/GNA16 GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 GNAL GNAO1 GNAQ GNAS complex locus GNAT1 GNAT2 GNAT3 GNAZ GNB1 GNB2 GNB3 GNB4 GNB5 GNG10 GNG11 GNG12 GNG13 GNG2 GNG3 GNG4 GNG5 GNG7 GNG8 GNGT1 GNGT2 GSK-3 GSK1 GSK2 GSK3A GSK3B GTP-binding protein regulators G alpha subunit G beta-gamma complex G protein G protein-coupled receptor G protein-coupled receptor kinase G protein–coupled receptor Gap junction Gene expression Gene regulatory network General transcription factor Genetic program Gi alpha subunit Glucagon Glycogen synthase kinase Growth factor Growth factors Gs alpha subunit Guanine nucleotide exchange factor Guanosine triphosphate Guanylate cyclase Gustducin HAK5 HER2 HRAS HSF1 Hearing Heat-shock response Heat shock proteins Heatshock protein Heterotrimeric G protein Hippo signaling pathway Histidine kinase Hormonal imprinting Hormone Hormone response element Hormones Hsp40 Hsp70 Hsp90 Hyaluronan Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen sulfide IKBKG IKK2 IKKi IP3/DAG pathway IRAK1 IRAK2 IRAK3 IRAK4 Immunoglobulin E Immunology Inflammation Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate Inositol triphosphate Inositol triphosphate receptor Insulin Integrin Integrin-linked kinase Integrins Interleukin-1 Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase Intracellular Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins Intracellular receptor Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins Intracrine Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells Ion channel Ion channels Isoprenyl IκB kinase IκBα JAK-STAT signaling pathway Juxtacrine signalling KEGG KRAS Kinase Kinome Kyushu University LIMK1 LIMK2 Leucine-rich repeat Leukocytes Ligand Ligand-gated ion channel Ligand (biochemistry)Light Lim kinase Lipid signaling List of signalling pathways MAPK/ERK pathway MEDLINE MUC4 Malignant transformation Martin Rodbell McsB Mechanosensation Mechanotransduction Medical Subject Headings Melanopsin Metabolic pathway Metabolism Metabotropic glutamate receptor Mitochondria Multiple myeloma Myd88 Myeloma protein NALP3 NF-κB NOD2 National Cancer Institute NcRNA Nerve growth factor Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog Neuroendocrine cell Neurohormone Neuron Neuropeptide Neuropeptides Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitters Neutrophils Nitric oxide synthase Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Non-receptor tyrosine kinase Notch signaling pathway Nuclear membrane Nuclear receptor Nuclear receptors Odorants Olfactory marker protein Oncogenes Organic semiconductors Osmolarity Osmoreceptor Osmotic pressure P21-activated kinases PAK1 PAK2 PAK3 PAK4 PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway PRKCSH PTK2 PTK2B Paracrine Paracrine signalling Pattern recognition receptor Pheromone Phosphatase Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate Phosphoinositide phospholipase C Phospholipase Phospholipase C Phospholipid Phosphorylation Photopigment Photoreceptor cell Plasma membrane Platelets Pleckstrin homology domain Point mutation Post-translational modification Posttranslational modification Primary cilium Progesterone Prokaryotes Promoter (biology)Promotor (biology)Proprioception Prostaglandin Protein Protein dimer Protein folding Protein kinase Protein kinase A Protein kinase C Protein kinases Protein phosphatase Protein phosphatase 2 Protein precursor Protein serine/threonine phosphatase Protein tyrosine phosphatase Protein–protein interaction Pseudokinases RHEB RIPK2 ROCK1 ROCK2 RPS6KA1 RRAD (gene)Rab (G-protein)Ran (gene)Rap GTP-binding protein Ras subfamily Ras superfamily Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase Receptor (biochemistry)Receptor (biology)Receptor tyrosine kinase Redox signaling Replicative senescence Retina Retinoic acid receptor Retinol Review journal Rho-associated protein kinase Rho family of GTPases Rhodopsin Rhodopsin-like receptors Ribosomal s6 kinase Rita Levi-Montalcini Rod cells Ryanodine Ryanodine receptor SARM1 SOS1 Scaffold protein Second messenger Second messenger system Secretin Secretin receptor family Selectin Sense Sense of balance Serine Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase Signal induction Signal peptide Signal transducing adaptor protein Small GTPase Small G protein Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Smoothened Soluble guanylyl cyclase Spleen Stanley Cohen (biochemist)Steroid Steroid hormone receptor Steroid hormones Steroid receptor Stimulus (physiology)Stroke Structural domain Superoxide Synapse Synaptic transmission Systems biology TANK-binding kinase 1 TGF beta signaling pathway TICAM2 TIRAP TRIF Telomere Testosterone Thermoception Thrombosis Thyroid gland Toll-like receptor Touch Transactivation Transcription (biology)Transcription factor Transcription factor II D Transcription factor II H Transcription preinitiation complex Transducin Transduction (physiology)Transient receptor potential channel Translation (biology)Transmembrane protein Two-component regulatory system Tyrosine Tyrosine kinase Visual perception Visual phototransduction Vomeronasal receptor William Bayliss Wnt signaling pathway YAP1 ZAP70 Zinc finger

35 concepts already in your glossary