Enzyme

Definition

An enzyme is a biological macromolecule, usually a protein, that acts as a biological catalyst, accelerating chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. The molecules on which enzymes act are called substrates, which are converted into products. Nearly all metabolic processes within a cell depend on enzyme catalysis to occur at biologically relevant rates. A metabolic pathway is typically composed of a series of enzyme-catalyzed steps. The study of enzymes is known as enzymology, and a related field focuses on pseudoenzymes—proteins that have lost catalytic activity but may retain regulatory or scaffolding functions, often indicated by alterations in their amino acid sequences or unusual 'pseudocatalytic' behavior.

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Koshland, Jr.David Chilton Phillips De novo synthesis Denaturation (biochemistry)Detergent enzymes Diacetyl Diastase Diffusion Diffusion-limited enzyme Digestive systems Dihydrofolate reductase Direct process Divergent synthesis Drug Drug interaction Drug metabolism Eadie–Hofstee diagram Eduard Buchner Egg white Eicosanoids Electrosynthesis Enantioselective synthesis Endoplasmic reticulum Endothermic Entropy Enz (disambiguation)Enzyme Commission number Enzyme activator Enzyme assay Enzyme catalysis Enzyme induction Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme kinetics Enzyme promiscuity Enzyme repression Essential fatty acid Ethanol Eukaryote ExPASy Fat Fatty-acid metabolism Fatty acid Fatty acid synthase Fatty acids Feedback Fermentation (food)Fireflies Flavin adenine dinucleotide Flavin group Flavin mononucleotide Flavoring Flour Flux (metabolism)Folic acid Food additive Food chemistry Food coloring Food fortification Food processing Fruit juice Fully automated synthesis Fumarase Function (biology)Functional group Gene duplication Gene expression Genetic disorder Genome George Edward Briggs Germline mutation Gibbs free energy Globular protein Glossary of biology Glossary of chemistry terms Glucanase Glucokinase Glucose Glucosidase Glycerides Glycogen Glycogen synthase Glycolysis Glycoproteins Glycosidases Glycosides Glycosylation Golgi apparatus Guar gum HIV HIV integrase Hanes–Woolf plot Heme Hemicellulase Herbivorous Hermann Emil Fischer Hexokinase Hexosaminidase High-fructose corn syrup History of biochemistry Homeostasis Horizontal gene transfer Hot spring Humboldt University of Berlin Hydride Hydrolase Hydrolysis Hydrolyze Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Hydrothermal synthesis Hypoallergenic Immunology Index of biochemistry articles Industrial enzymes Inflammation Influenza Inorganic Insulin IntEnz Intellectual disability International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inverted sugar syrup Ion Ion pump (biology)Iron Iron–sulfur cluster Irreversible inhibitor Isomer Isomerase Isozyme J. B. S. Haldane James B. Sumner John Howard Northrop KEGG Kinase Kraft pulp Lactase Lactose Lactose intolerance Laser ablation synthesis in solution Law of mass action Leonor Michaelis Ligase Lignin Lignin peroxidase Ligninase Lineweaver–Burk plot Lipase Lipid Lipids List of EC numbers (EC 1)List of EC numbers (EC 2)List of EC numbers (EC 3)List of EC numbers (EC 4)List of EC numbers (EC 5)List of EC numbers (EC 6)List of EC numbers (EC 7)List of biochemists List of enzymes Liver Louis Pasteur Luciferase Lung Lyase Lysosome Lysozyme Macromolecular crowding Magnesium Malt Maltose Mannanase Maud Leonora Menten Meat Meat tenderizer Mechanosynthesis Medicinal chemistry MetaCyc Metabolic pathway Metabolism Methionine Methionine adenosyltransferase Methionyl aminopeptidase Methotrexate Michaelis–Menten constant Michaelis–Menten kinetics Mineral (nutrient)Mitochondrion Mixed inhibition Molecular biology Molecular machine Molecule Molecules Monomer Multicellular Muscle contraction Mutation Myosin Myristoylation Negative feedback Neuraminidase Neurochemistry Neutral evolution Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nomenclature Non-competitive inhibition Nuclease Nucleic acids Nucleobases Nucleosides Nucleotide metabolism Nucleotides One-pot synthesis Open access Organ (anatomy)Organic compound Organic solvent Organic synthesis Orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase Outline of biochemistry Oxidation Oxidoreductase Oxyanion hole PH Pancreas Pancreatic insufficiency Papain Paper Parasitology Pectinase Penicillin Pentose phosphate pathway Pepsin Peptide synthesis Peptidoglycan Periplasm Personal care Pfam Pharmacology Phenylalanine Phenylalanine hydroxylase Phenylketonuria Phosphatase Phospholipids Phosphorylation Poison Polymerase Polymerase chain reaction Post-translational modification Product (chemistry)Proofreading (biology)Prostaglandin Prosthetic groups Protease Protease inhibitors Protein Protein Data Bank Protein complex Protein domain Protein dynamics Protein engineering Protein family Protein primary structure Protein secondary structure Protein structure Protein superfamily Protein targeting Proteins Protonation Pseudocholinesterase deficiency Pseudoenzyme Pullulanase Pyruvate Pyruvate carboxylase Q10 (temperature coefficient)RNA polymerase Radiosynthesis Rate constant Rate of reaction Reaction rate Recessive inheritance Recombinant DNA Redox Regioselectivity Regulation of gene expression René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur Restriction enzyme Retrosynthetic analysis Retroviral Reverse transcriptase Ribonucleic acid Ribosome Ribozyme Richard Willstätter Roquefort Ruminant S-adenosylmethionine Saliva Sarcosine Semisynthesis Side chain Signal transduction Skin cancer Solid-phase synthesis Solution (chemistry)Solvothermal synthesis Sphingolipids Starch Statin Stereospecificity Steroids Stomach Strain (mechanics)Structural biology Substrate (biochemistry)Substrate (chemistry)Substrate presentation Sugar Superoxide dismutase Tay–Sachs disease Temperature Tenderizer Tertiary structure Tetrahydrobiopterin Tetrahydrofolate Tetrapyrroles Thermodynamic equilibrium Thiamine pyrophosphate Tissue (biology)Total synthesis Transcription (genetics)Transferase Transition state Transition state theory Transketolase Translation (genetics)Translocase Triosephosphateisomerase Trypsin Turn (biochemistry)Ultraviolet light Uncompetitive inhibitor Urea Urease Virology Virus Viscoelasticity Vital force Vitamin Volume combustion synthesis Water Wendell Meredith Stanley Wilhelm Kühne Wort X-ray crystallography Xeroderma pigmentosum Xylanase Xylose Xylulose 5-phosphate Yeast Zymase Zymogen Émile Duclaux Β-lactamase Β-oxidation

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