Chromosome

Definition

A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most important of these proteins are the histones. Aided by chaperone proteins, the histones bind to and condense the DNA molecule to maintain its integrity. These eukaryotic chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure that has a significant role in transcriptional regulation.

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Abiogenesis Acentric fragment Acrocentric Adder's tongue fern Allele Allopatric speciation Amino acid Anaphase Ancient Greek Aneuploidy Animal Aphid Apicoplast Apoptosis Archaea Argument from authority Artificial cell Asexually reproducing Autosome Avsunviroidae B chromosome Bacteria Bacteriome Base pair Biological dark matter Borrelia burgdorferi Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory Bread wheat Buchnera (proteobacteria)Burkholderia CENPA CENPC1 CENPC2 CENPF CENPH CENPI CENPJ CENPK CENPM CENPN CENPO CENPP CENPQ CENPT Cambridge University Press Cancer Cancer cell Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola Cat-eye syndrome Cell (biology)Cell cycle Cell death Cell division Centromere Centromere protein B Centromere protein E Chaperone (protein)Chimpanzee Chloroplast Chromatid Chromatin Chromomere Chromoplast Chromosomal crossover Chromosomal instability Chromosomal inversion Chromosomal satellite Chromosomal translocation Chromosome (genetic algorithm)Chromosome 1 Chromosome 10 Chromosome 11 Chromosome 12 Chromosome 13 Chromosome 14 Chromosome 15 Chromosome 16 Chromosome 17 Chromosome 18 Chromosome 19 Chromosome 2 Chromosome 20 Chromosome 21 Chromosome 22 Chromosome 3 Chromosome 4 Chromosome 5 Chromosome 6 Chromosome 7 Chromosome 8 Chromosome 9 Chromosome abnormality Chromosome condensation Chromosome scaffold Chromosome segregation Chromosome territories Circular bacterial chromosome Circular chromosome Classical genetics Clonally transmissible cancer Coacervate Cohesin Colchicine Colicin Common fruit fly Condensin Conservation genetics Cosmid Cow Cri du chat Cultivar Cultivated tobacco Cytogeneticist Cytogenetics Cytologist Cytoplasm DNA DNA condensation DNA replication DNA sequencing DNA transposon DNA virus Daniel Jones (phonetician)Defective interfering particle DiGeorge syndrome Dicentric chromosome Dinokaryon Diploid Dog Domestic cat Domestic pig Domestic pigeon Domestic sheep Donkey Double-stranded RNA viruses Down syndrome DsDNA-RT virus Durum wheat Dye Dyslexia Earliest known life forms Earthworm Ecological genetics Edmund Beecher Wilson Edwards syndrome Einkorn wheat Elephant Endogenous retrovirus Endogenous viral element Endosymbiont Endosymbiotic English Pronouncing Dictionary Ensembl Epigenetics Epulopiscium fishelsoni Ernst Mayr Euchromatin Eukaryote Eukaryotic Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure Evolution Extrachromosomal DNA Fertility factor (bacteria)Fertilization Fibroblast Fosmid Fungal prion Fungus G banding Gamete Garden snail Gene Gene duplication Gene prediction Genetic counseling Genetic deletion Genetic disorder Genetic diversity Genetic engineering Genetic genealogy Genetic load Genetic recombination Genetic variation Geneticist Genetics Genome Genomic island Genomics Genophore Germline Gerontoplast Giant virus Goldfish Gorilla Great apes Gregor Mendel Group II intron Group I catalytic intron Guinea pig Guppy Gynecomastia HOPES Hans von Winiwarter Haploid Hare HeLa Hedgehog Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer Helper dependent virus Helper virus Heredity Heterochromatin Histone Histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein Histone H1 Histone H2A Histone H2B Histone H3 Histone H4 History of genetics Holocentric chromosome Homologous chromosome Horizontal gene transfer Horse Human Human genome Human mitochondrial genetics Hydrogenosome Hypotonicity Immunogenetics In vitro Incertae sedis Index of genetics articles Indian muntjac Insecticide International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature Interphase Interspersed repeat Introduction to genetics Intron Isochromosome Isodicentric 15 Isodicentric chromosome 15 syndrome Jacobsen syndrome Jeewanu Joe Hin Tjio KIF4A Kappa organism Karyogram Karyotype Kinetochore Kingfisher Klinefelter syndrome Laboratory mouse Laboratory rat Lampbrush chromosome Last universal common ancestor Leucoplast Life Light microscope Linear chromosome List of organisms by chromosome count List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes Locus (genetics)Lyme disease Maize Maternal influence on sex determination Medical genetics Meiosis Mendelian inheritance Merriam-Webster Metaphase Microbial genetics Microchromosome Microscope Microtubule Minichromosome Mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial genome Mitochondrion Mitosis Mitosome Mitotic catastrophe Mobile genetic elements Mobilome Model lipid bilayer Molecular evolution Molecular genetics Monocentric Mosaic (genetics)Mutation Nanobacterium Nanobe Neochromosome Nettie Stevens Nitroplast Non-cellular life Non-coding DNA Nondisjunction Nuclear organization Nucleic acid Nucleobase Nucleoid Nucleosome Nucleotide Oogonia Operon Organism Origin of replication Otto Bütschli Outline of genetics Oxford University Press P arm Paleopolyploidy Pallister–Killian syndrome Pamela S. Soltis Pan (genus)Parakaryon Parasitic chromosome Paris-Trousseau syndrome Patau Syndrome Personalized medicine Phagemid Phenotype Pill millipede Plant Plasma membrane Plasmid Plastid Ploidy Polycentric chromosome Polymorphism (biology)Polyploid Polyploidization Polyploidy Polytene chromosome Population genetics Pospiviroidae Prion Prokaryote Prometaphase Prophage Protamine Protein Proteinoid Protist Protocell Provirus Q arm Quantitative genetics R-factor RNA RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RNA virus RNA world Rabbit Race (classification of human beings)Red blood cell Repeated sequence (DNA)Replicon (genetics)Retrotransposon Retrovirus Retrozyme Ribozyme Richard Goldschmidt Rye S phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sanger Institute Satellite (biology)Satellite chromosome Schizophrenia Secondary chromosome Self-replication Sex-determination system Sex chromosome Sexual reproduction Sexually reproducing Silkworm Sister chromatids Small supernumerary marker chromosome Somatic cell Sorangium cellulosum Species Speech delay Spermatogonia Spirochaete Stain Submetacentric Subviral agents Sulphobes Supercoiled Symbiont Syntenic Synthetic virology Syrian hamster T.H. Morgan TINF2 TOP2A Tandem repeat Telocentric Telomere Telomere-binding protein Temperature-dependent sex determination Thale cress Theodor Boveri Theophilus Painter Three-dimensional space Ti plasmid Tibetan fox Transcription (genetics)Transcriptional regulation Transposable element Transpoviron Tremblaya princeps Triple-X syndrome Trisomy 21 Trophosome Trypanosoma brucei Turner syndrome Vector (molecular biology)Vertebrate and Genome Annotation Project Vibrio Viral vector Viroid Virome Virophage Virulence factor Virus Virusoid Walter Sutton Walther Flemming Wilhelm Johannsen Wilhelm Roux William Bateson Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome XO sex-determination system XYY syndrome XY sex-determination system X chromosome Y chromosome

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