Biochemistry

Definition

Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become successful at explaining living processes through these three disciplines. Almost all areas of the life sciences are being uncovered and developed through biochemical methodology and research. Biochemistry focuses on understanding the chemical basis that allows biological molecules to give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and between cells, in turn relating greatly to the understanding of tissues and organs as well as organism structure and function. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena.

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Mello Cryobiology Cryochemistry Crystallization Crystallography Cultured meat Custom peptide synthesis Cyclic compound Cysteine Cytogenetics Cytosine DNA DNA structure Date (fruit)Dedicated bio-based chemical Dehydration reaction Dendrology Deoxyribonucleic acid Deoxyribose Developmental biology Diastase Dietary mineral Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dipeptide Direct process Disaccharide Discovery of chemical elements Disease Disulfide linkage Divergent synthesis Double bond Drug carrier Dual polarisation interferometry Dynamic covalent chemistry Ecological genetics Ecology Eduard Buchner Edward Tatum Eicosanoids Electroanalytical methods Electrochemistry Electron ionization Electron microscope Electron transport system Electrophoresis Electrosynthesis Elemental analysis Embryology Enantioselective synthesis Engineering Enolase Environmental biotechnology Environmental chemistry Enzyme Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzyme Commission number Enzymes Enzymology Epidemiology Epigenetics Epistasis Equilibrium chemistry Essential amino acid Ester bond Ethanol Ethanol fermentation Evolutionary biology Experiments Extraction (chemistry)FADH2 Fat Fatty-acid metabolism Fatty acid Fatty acids Fed-batch culture Felix Hoppe-Seyler Femtochemistry Fermentation Fermentation (biochemistry)Fertilizer Filtration Flow cytometry Food chemistry Food physical chemistry Forensic chemistry Forensic science Forensic toxicology Francesco Redi Francis Crick Franz Hofmeister Frederick Gowland Hopkins Freshwater biology Friedrich Wöhler Fructose Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Fructose 6-phosphate Fruit Fullerene chemistry Fully automated synthesis Furan Furanose Galactose Gas chromatography Gene Gene expression Gene knockout Gene therapy General chemistry Generative biology Genetic code Genetic engineering Genetic information Genetically modified organism Genetics Genome Genomics Geobiology Geochemistry George Beadle Gerontology Gerty Cori Ghee Globin Glossary of Arabic toponyms Glossary of Hebrew toponyms Glossary of aerospace engineering Glossary of agriculture Glossary of archaeology Glossary of architecture Glossary of areas of mathematics Glossary of artificial intelligence Glossary of astronomy Glossary of biology Glossary of bird terms Glossary of botanical terms Glossary of calculus Glossary of cell biology Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)Glossary of chemical formulae Glossary of chemistry terms Glossary of civil engineering Glossary of clinical research Glossary of computer hardware terms Glossary of computer science Glossary of developmental biology Glossary of ecology Glossary of economics Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering Glossary of entomology terms Glossary of environmental science Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology Glossary of geography terms (A–M)Glossary of geography terms (N–Z)Glossary of geology Glossary of ichthyology Glossary of machine vision Glossary of mechanical engineering Glossary of medicine Glossary of meteorology Glossary of mycology Glossary of nanotechnology Glossary of physics Glossary of probability and statistics Glossary of protistology Glossary of psychiatry Glossary of quantum computing Glossary of robotics Glossary of scientific naming Glossary of structural engineering Glossary of virology Glucofuranose Gluconeogenesis Glucopyranose Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate Glutamate Glutamine Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase Glycerides Glycerol Glycine Glycogen Glycogen phosphorylase Glycolipid Glycolysis Glycoproteins Glycosides Glycosidic bond Green Revolution Green chemistry Guanine Heme Hemiacetal Hemiketal Hemoglobin Heptoses Hermann Emil Fischer Herpetology Hexokinase High-performance liquid chromatography Histidine Histology History of biochemistry History of biology History of biotechnology History of chemistry Hormone Human Genome Project Human biology Human evolution Human serum albumin Hybridoma technology Hydrogen Hydrogen atom Hydrogen bonds Hydrolysis Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Hydrothermal synthesis Hydroxy group Hydroxyl Hypothetical types of biochemistry Ichthyology Immunology Index of biochemistry articles Index of biotechnology articles Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Industrial biotechnology Infrared spectroscopy Inner mitochondrial membrane Inorganic Inorganic chemistry Instrumental chemistry Interdisciplinarity Interface and colloid science International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Iodine Ion Isoleucine Isomerase James D. Watson Justus von Liebig Keto acid Ketose Kidney dialysis Krebs Cycle Krebs cycle Lactase Lactic acid Lactose Lactose intolerance Laser ablation synthesis in solution Leucine Life Lipid Lipidology Lipids Liposome List of biochemistry topics List of biochemists List of biomolecules List of biotechnology articles List of important publications in chemistry List of inorganic compounds List of largest biomedical companies by market capitalization List of life sciences Liver Lysine Macromolecule Magnetochemistry Mammalogy Marine biology Mass spectrometry Materials science Mathematical and theoretical biology Mathematical chemistry Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Maurice Wilkins Mechanochemistry Mechanosynthesis Medicinal chemistry Medicine Metabolic pathway Metabolism Metabolome Metabolomics Metal Metallurgy Methionine Microbial biodegradation Microbiologist Microbiology Micromeritics Microscopy Microwave chemistry Milk product Mining Molecular biology Molecular dynamics Molecular genetics Molecular geometry Molecular mechanics Molecular medicine Molecular modelling Molecular physics Molecule Molecules Monomer Monosaccharide Mutant Mycology Myosin NADH Nanobiotechnology Nanochemistry National Center for Biotechnology Information Neontology Neurochemistry Neuroscience Neurotransmitter Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Nitrogen Nitrogenous base Nobel Prize Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nonpolar Nuclear chemistry Nuclear magnetic resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Nucleic acid Nucleic acids Nucleobases Nucleoside Nucleosides Nucleotide Nucleotide metabolism Nucleotides Nutrition Nutritional deficiencies Nutritional science Ocean chemistry Oikonyms in West and South Asia Oil Oleate Oleic acid Oligosaccharide Omics One-pot synthesis One gene–one enzyme hypothesis Open-chain compound Organ (anatomy)Organic chemistry Organic compound Organic reactions Organic synthesis Organism Organolanthanide chemistry Organometallic chemistry Ornithology Osteichthyes Osteology Outline of biochemistry Outline of biology Oxygen Paleontology Palmitate Parasitology Pathology Peach Pentose phosphate pathway Peptide Peptide bond Peptide synthesis Peptides Periodic table Pest control Petrochemistry Pharmaceutical company Pharmaceutical drug Pharmaceutical product Pharmacogenomics Pharmacology Phenotype Phenylalanine Phosphate Phosphate group Phosphatidylcholine Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphofructokinase Phosphoglucose isomerase Phosphoglycerate kinase Phosphoglycerate mutase Phospholipid Phospholipids Phosphorus Photobiology Photochemistry Photoelectrochemistry Photogeochemistry Phycology Phylogenetics Physical chemistry Physical organic chemistry Physiological chemistry Physiology Plant biochemistry Plants Plasmid Plug flow reactor model Polar molecule Polymer Polymer chemistry Polymer science Polypeptides Polysaccharide Polyunsaturated fatty acid Pomology Post-mortem chemistry Potassium cyanate Primary structure Primatology ProQuest Proline Protein Protein Data Bank Protein biosynthesis Protein domain Protein family Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Protein structure Protein tertiary structure Proteinogenic amino acid Proteins Proteolysis Proteomics Protistology Purine Pyran Pyranose Pyrimidine Pyruvate Pyruvate kinase Quantum biology Quantum chemistry Quantum mechanics Quaternary structure Quinone RNA RNA interference Radiation chemistry Radiochemistry Radioisotopic labeling Radiosynthesis Raman spectroscopy Reaction mechanism Reagent Reducing end Reducing sugar Relational biology Reproductive biology Reproductive cloning Retinoid Retrosynthetic analysis Ribonucleic acid Ribosome Robert Hooke Rosalind Franklin Saccharose Saturated and unsaturated compounds Science Scientific discipline Scientific method Second messenger Secondary structure Sedimentation Selective breeding Selenium Semisynthesis Separation process Sequence alignment Sequence homology Serendipitous Serine Sickle-cell disease Silicon Skeletal muscle Small intestine Small molecule Sociobiology Sodium Soil Soil chemistry Solid-phase synthesis Solid-state chemistry Solvothermal synthesis Sonochemistry Spatial biology Spectroelectrochemistry Spectroscopy Sphingolipid Sphingolipids Spin chemistry Starch Stearic acid Stellar chemistry Stem cells Stereochemistry Steroid Steroids Stoichiometry Structural alignment Structural biology Structural chemistry Substrate (biochemistry)Sucrose Sugar Supramolecular chemistry Surface science Sweet taste Synthetic biology Systematics Systems biology TCA cycle Taxonomy (biology)Telomere Teratology Terpenoid Tertiary structure Tetrapyrroles The central science Theoretical chemistry Therapeutic cloning Thermochemistry Threonine Thymine Timeline of biology and organic chemistry Timeline of biotechnology Timeline of chemistry Tissue (biology)Tissue culture Titanium Titration Total synthesis Toxicology Transaminase Transamination Transfersome Triglyceride Triosephosphate isomerase Tryptophan Tyrosine Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy Unicellular Uracil Urea Urea cycle VSEPR theory Valine Vegetable oil Vertebrate Viral capsid Virology Virophysics Vital principle Volume combustion synthesis Water Water molecule Wax Welfare biology Wet chemistry Wikiversity Wild type Wöhler synthesis X-ray diffraction Xenobiology Yeast Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie Zoology

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