Beta oxidation

Definition

In biochemistry and metabolism, beta oxidation (also β-oxidation) is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA product of this step of fatty acid metabolism enters the citric acid cycle, generating NADH and FADH2, which are electron carriers used in the electron transport chain. It is named as such because the beta carbon of the fatty acid chain undergoes oxidation and is converted to a carbonyl group to start the cycle all over again. Beta-oxidation is primarily facilitated by the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, an enzyme complex associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, although very long chain fatty acids are oxidized in peroxisomes. Beta oxidation occurs mainly in the heart, liver and kidney.

Related concepts

2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase deficiency 2,4 Dienoyl CoA reductase 3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency ACADL ACADM ACADS ACADSB ACADVL ATP citrate lyase ATP synthase Acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Acetyl CoA Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Acyl-CoA Acyl-CoA oxidase Acyl CoA dehydrogenase Adenosine monophosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adrenergic receptor Adrenoleukodystrophy Aerobic respiration Alanine Aldehyde Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid Alpha and beta carbon Alpha oxidation Amino acid Amino acid metabolism Amino acid synthesis Amino sugar Aminolevulinic acid Anabolism Anaerobic respiration Anoxygenic photosynthesis Antioxidant Arginine Aromatic amino acid Arrhythmia Ascorbate Aspartate Aspartic acid Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase Beta-oxidation Bicarbonate Bile acid Bile pigment Biochemistry Bioenergetics Bioinorganic chemistry Biotin Biotinidase deficiency Branched-chain amino acid Calciferol Carbohydrate catabolism Carbohydrate metabolism Carbon Carbon fixation Carbonyl Cardiomyopathy Carnitine Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase Carnitine acyltransferase Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency Carotenoid Catabolism Catalase Cataplerosis Cell signaling Cellular respiration Central nervous system Chemosynthesis Chlorophyll Chlororespiration Cholesterol Citric acid Citric acid cycle Clofibrate Cobalamin Coenzyme A Cofactor (biochemistry)Coma Creatine Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Cytosol DNA replication DeLey-Doudoroff pathway Deamination Dehydrogenation Desaturase Dilated cardiomyopathy Disaccharide Double bond Eicosanoid Eicosanoid metabolism Electron transport chain Encephalopathy Endocannabinoid system Enoyl-CoA hydratase Enoyl ACP reductase Enoyl CoA hydratase Enoyl CoA isomerase Entner-Doudoroff pathway Enzyme Epinephrine Erythrocyte Erythrocytes Erythrose 4-phosphate Ethanol fermentation Ethanol metabolism Eukaryotes FADH2 Fatty-acid metabolism disorder Fatty-acyl-CoA synthase Fatty acid Fatty acid degradation Fatty acid metabolism Fatty acid oxidation Fatty acid synthase Fatty acid synthesis Fatty acyl-CoA esters Fermentation Flavin adenine dinucleotide Free fatty acids Fructolysis Galactolysis GeneReviews Glucogenic amino acid Gluconeogenesis Glucose 6-phosphate Glutamate Glutamic acid Glutaric acidemia type 2 Glycan Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glycerol Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycerolipid Glycerophospholipid Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Glycolysis Glycoprotein Glycosphingolipid Glycosylation Glyoxylate cycle Glyoxylic acid HADHA HADHB Heme Hepatomegaly Histidine Homoserine Hormone-sensitive lipase Human iron metabolism Hydration reaction Hydrogen peroxide Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase Hydroxyl Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Hypoglycemia Inborn error of lipid metabolism Inborn error of metabolism Inborn errors of metabolism Inner mitochondrial membrane Inositol phosphate Insulin Ion Isomer Isopentenyl pyrophosphate Keto group Ketogenesis Ketogenic amino acid Ketone Ketone bodies Ketosis L-carnitine Lactic acid Lactic acid fermentation Leloir pathway Lethargy Leukotriene Light-dependent reactions Linoleic acid Lipid metabolism Lipogenesis Lipolysis Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency Low blood sugar Lysine Malic acid Malonyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency Medium-chain triglyceride Metabolic acidosis Metabolic network Metabolic pathway Metabolism Metalloprotein Methylerythritol phosphate Methylmalonyl-CoA Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase Mevalonate pathway Mevalonic acid Mitochondria Mitochondrial matrix Mitochondrial trifunctional protein Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency Mitochondrion Monosaccharide Myopathy N-linked glycosylation NADH Neuropathy Neurotransmitters Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Non-mevalonate pathway Nonadecylic acid Nucleic acid Nucleic acid metabolism Nucleotide Nucleotide salvage Nucleotide sugar O-linked glycosylation Octanoyl-CoA Omega oxidation Outer mitochondrial membrane Oxaloacetate Oxaloacetic acid Oxidation Oxidative phosphorylation Oxygen P/O ratio Palmitate Pentose phosphate pathway Pericardial effusion Peripheral neuropathy Peroxisome Phosphagen Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphoglycerate Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Photorespiration Photosynthesis Photosystem Polyamine Polyketide Polyol pathway Polysaccharide Polyunsaturated fatty acid Primary nutritional groups Prokaryotes Proline Propionic acidemia Propionyl-CoA Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Prostaglandin Protein Protein biosynthesis Protein catabolism Protein kinase Protein metabolism Proteoglycan Proteolysis Purine metabolism Purine nucleotide cycle Pyrimidine metabolism Pyruvate dehydrogenase Pyruvic acid Quinone Radiosynthesis (metabolism)Retinoid Retinopathy Reverse cholesterol transport Rhabdomyolysis Ribose 5-phosphate Seizure Serine Serum albumin Shikimate pathway Shikimic acid Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency Short-chain fatty acid Sialic acid Sjögren–Larsson syndrome Solute carrier family Sphingolipid Sphingolipid metabolism Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 Stereospecific Steroid Substrate-level phosphorylation Succinic acid Succinyl-CoA Sugar acid Systemic primary carnitine deficiency Terpenoid Thiol Thiolysis Thyroid hormone Tocopherol Transcription (genetics)Transit map Translation (biology)Transport proteins Triglyceride Triheptanoin Urea cycle Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency Very long chain fatty acid Vitamin Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vomiting Water Wax Xylose metabolism Β-Ketoacyl ACP reductase Β-ketothiolase

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