Proteolysis

Definition

Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Protein degradation is a major regulatory mechanism of gene expression and contributes substantially to shaping mammalian proteomes. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion.

Related concepts

ADP-ribosylation Acetylation Acid hydrolysis Actin Active site Acylation Adenylylation Alanine Alanine aminopeptidase Albumin Allosteric regulation Allysine Alpha 1-antitrypsin Alpha secretase Alzheimer's disease Amide Amino acid Amino acids Aminopeptidase Amyloid-beta precursor protein secretase Anaphase Angiotensin-converting enzyme Antiprotease Apoptosis Apoptosome Arginine Asparagin Asparagine Asparagine peptide lyase Aspartate Aspartic protease Aspartyl Autophagy Bacillus subtilis Beta-secretase 1 Beta-secretase 2 Binding site Blood clotting cascade Butyrylation C9orf3 C terminus Carbamylation Carboxylation Carboxypeptidase Carboxypeptidase A Carboxypeptidase A2 Carboxypeptidase B Carboxypeptidase E Carcinogen Caspase Catalysed Catalytic triad Cathepsin A Cathepsin C Cathepsins Cell cycle Cell membrane Chymotrypsin Citrullination Cofactor (biochemistry)Complement system Cooperativity Cyanogen bromide Cyclins Cystein Cysteine Cysteine protease Cysteinyl Cytotoxin DD-Transpeptidase DNA polymerase I DNPEP Deamidation Deamination Dephosphorylation Desmosine Detyrosination Diabetes mellitus Diffusion-limited enzyme Digestion Digestive enzymes Digestive tract Dipeptidase Dipeptidase 1 Dipeptidase 2 Dipeptidase 3 Dipeptidyl peptidase Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Diphthamide Disulfide bond Disulfide bonds Duodenum Eadie–Hofstee diagram Elastase Emphysema Endopeptidase Enterokinase Enzyme Enzyme Commission number Enzyme activator Enzyme catalysis Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme kinetics Enzyme promiscuity Erythrocyte Escherichia coli Eukaryotes Exopeptidase Extracellular digestion FMet Flavin group Formic acid Formylation Fusion protein Gamma secretase Gel electrophoresis Glutamate Glutamate carboxypeptidase II Glutamic acid Glutamic protease Glutamine Glutamyl aminopeptidase Glutarylation Glycation Glycine Glycophosphatidylinositol Glycosylation Granzyme B Green Fluorescent Protein Group-specific antigen Gut (anatomy)Haemoglobin Hanes–Woolf plot Hemorrhage Hemotoxin Heterocyclic compound Histidine Histidine ammonia-lyase HslVU Hydrochloric acid Hydrolase Hydrolysis Hydroxylation Hydroxylysine Imine Immune response In-gel digestion Insulin Insulin regulated aminopeptidase Intramolecular reaction Intrinsically disordered proteins Isomerase Kaede (protein)Kinase Klenow fragment Lactylation Leucyl aminopeptidase Ligase Lineweaver–Burk plot Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry List of EC numbers (EC 1)List of EC numbers (EC 2)List of EC numbers (EC 3)List of EC numbers (EC 4)List of EC numbers (EC 5)List of EC numbers (EC 6)List of EC numbers (EC 7)List of enzymes Lyase Lysine Lysine malonylation Lysine methylmalonylation Lysine tyrosylquinone Lysogeny Broth Lysosome METAP1 METAP2 Macrophages Malignancy Mass spectrometry Matrix metalloproteinase Metalloendopeptidase Metalloexopeptidase Metalloprotease Methionine Methylation Michaelis–Menten kinetics Mineral acids Mitosis Mucosa Muscular dystrophy Myosin Myotoxin Myristoylation N-end rule N-terminal N terminus Neisseria meningitidis Neurospora crassa Neutrophils Nidovirales Nuclease Nucleic acids Nucleophilic substitution N–O acyl shift O-GlcNAc O-glycosylation O-methylation ORF1ab Ornithine decarboxylase Oxidoreductase Oxyanion hole PEST sequence Palmitoylation Pancreas Pancreatitis Pepsin Pepsinogen Peptide bond Phagocytosis Phenylalanine Phosphorylation Polycistronic Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polyglutamylation Polyglycylation Polypeptide Porphyrin Posttranslational modification Prehormone Prenylation Preproinsulin Pro-opiomelanocortin Proenzyme Programmed cell death Proinsulin Prokaryotes Proline Propionylation Proprotein Protease Protease-activated receptor Protease inhibitor (biology)Proteasome Proteasome endopeptidase complex Protein Protein acetylation Protein biosynthesis Protein expression (biotechnology)Protein family Protein folding Protein primary structure Protein purification Protein superfamily Protein tag Proteinase K Proteins Proteomics Protomap (proteomics)Pyrolysis RNPEP Racemization Retrovirus Rheumatoid arthritis Ribonuclease A Ribosomal frameshift SUMO protein Salmonella Serine Serine protease Serpin Signal peptide Slippery sequence Smoking Snake Sodium dodecyl sulfate Staphylokinase Subtilisin Succinylation Sulfilimine bond Sulfuric acid TEV protease The Proteolysis Map Threonine Threonine protease Thrombin Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases Topaquinone Transferase Transglutamination Translation (biology)Translocase Trifluoroacetic acid Tripeptidyl peptidase Tripeptidyl peptidase I Tripeptidyl peptidase II Trypsin Trypsinogen Tryptone Tryptophan Tryptophan tryptophylquinone Tumor necrosis factor receptor Tyrosine Tyrosine sulfation Ubiquitin Ubiquitination Urea Virus (biology)Von Willebrand factor Yersinia Zymogen

25 concepts already in your glossary