Amino acid

Definition

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life.

Related concepts

1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 3-Methoxytyramine 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase 5-HTP ADP-ribosylation Abiogenesis Acetyl-CoA Acetylation Acid–base homeostasis Acylation Adenosine triphosphate Adenosylhomocysteinase Adenylylation Adrenaline African trypanosomiasis Agmatinase Agostic interaction Alamethicin Alanine Alanine transaminase Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1 Aliphatic Aliphatic compound Alloprotein Allysine Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid Alpha-ketoglutarate Alpha and beta carbon Alpha carbon American Chemical Society Amide Amino Amino acid dating Amino acid neurotransmitter Amino acid synthesis Amino acids Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase Ammonia Amphipathic Angewandte Chemie International Edition Anion Antibiotic Antibody Antifeedant Archaea Arginine Aromatic Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Aromatic amino acid Aromaticity Artificial sweetener Arylformamidase Asparaginase Asparagine Asparagine synthetase Asparagus Aspartame Aspartate Aspartate transaminase Aspartic acid Asymmetric synthesis Aurophilicity Bacterial envelope Bacterium Baird's rule Bent bond Bentham Science Publishers Beta-peptide Beta alanine Beta oxidation Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase Bicycloaromaticity Biochemistry Biodegradable plastic Biology Biopolymer Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase Biosynthesis Bond cleavage Bortezomib Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex Branched-chain amino acid Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase Brønsted base Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory Butyrylation CYP2D6 C terminus Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules Calcium in biology Canavanine Carbamylation Carbon Carboxybenzyl Carboxyl group Carboxylation Carboxylic acid Carnitine Carnosine Catabolism Catechol-O-methyltransferase Catecholamine Cation Cation–pi interaction Cell membrane Chalcogen bond Charge-shift bond Charles Adolphe Wurtz Chelate Chelation Chemical bond Chemical equilibrium Chemical formula Chemical polarity Chiral Chiral pool synthesis Chirality (chemistry)Chloroplast Christopher Kelk Ingold Citrate Citric acid cycle Citrullination Citrulline Codon Codons Coenzyme A Collagen Compound feed Condensation reaction Conjugated system Connective tissue Conserved sequence Coordinate covalent bond Corrosion inhibitor Cosmetics Covalent bond Creatine Creatine kinase Cyclic compound Cystathionine beta synthase Cystathionine gamma-lyase Cysteine Cystine C–H···O interaction D-Amino acid D-amino acids D-cysteine desulfhydrase DNA world Deamidation Deamination Degron Dehydroamino acid Dephosphorylation Desmosine Detyrosination Diaper Dielectric constant Dihydrogen bond Dipeptide Diphthamide Disulfide bond Disulphide bonds Dopamine Dopamine beta-hydroxylase Drug delivery EIF5A Eflornithine Eight-center two-electron bond Electron counting Electron deficiency Electrophoresis Enantiomer Enoyl-CoA hydratase Environmentally friendly Enzyme Epinephrine Erepsin Essential amino acid Ester Ethylene Eukaryote Eukaryotic initiation factor Expanded genetic code Fatty acid Fatty acid synthesis Feedstock Flavin group Flavor enhancer Food industry Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase Formylation Fouling Four-center two-electron bond Franz Hofmeister Fumarate Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase Functional group GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase Gas phase Gene Genetic code Glucogenic amino acid Glucogenic amino acids Gluconeogenesis Glucose Glutamate Glutamate dehydrogenase Glutamic acid Glutaminase Glutamine Glutamine synthetase Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase Glutarylation Glutathione Glutathione synthetase Glycation Glyceraldehyde Glycine Glycolysis Glycophosphatidylinositol Glycoprotein Glycosylation Green Fluorescent Protein Guanidine Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase HMG-CoA reductase Halogen bond Hapticity Heme Hermann Emil Fischer Heterolysis (chemistry)High-throughput screening Histidine Histidine ammonia-lyase Homoaromaticity Homochirality Homocysteine Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase Homolysis (chemistry)Human body Human brain Hydrogen bond Hydrolysis Hydropathy index Hydrophilic Hydrophilicity Hydrophobic Hydrophobicity Hydrophobicity scale Hydroxylation Hydroxylysine Hydroxyproline Hyperaminoacidemia Hyperconjugation Hypervalent molecule Hypusine Hückel's rule Imine Imino acid Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase Integral membrane protein Intercalation (chemistry)Intermolecular force International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Intramolecular force Intramolecular interaction Ionic bonding Ionization Isoelectric point Isoleucine Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase Jemmis mno rules Joint Commission Kaede (protein)Keto acid Ketogenesis Ketogenic amino acid Ketogenic amino acids Kjeldahl method Kynureninase L-DOPA L-threonine dehydrogenase Lactylation Lanthionine Lantibiotics Legume Leucine Leucine 2,3-aminomutase Leucines Lipid bilayer Lipid synthesis Lipoprotein London dispersion force Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin Low-barrier hydrogen bond Low complexity regions in proteins Lysine Lysine malonylation Lysine methylmalonylation Lysine tyrosylquinone Lysosomes MG132 Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures Melanin Messenger RNA Metabolic pathway Metabolism Metal aromaticity Metallic bonding Metallophilic interaction Metal–ligand multiple bond Methane Methanogen Methionine Methionine adenosyltransferase Methionine synthase Methylation Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase Methylene group Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase Methylmalonyl CoA epimerase Microbe Microorganism Miller–Urey experiment Mimosine Mitochondrion Moiety (chemistry)Molar absorptivity Molecular mass Monomer Muscle Myristoylation Möbius aromaticity N-Formylmethionine N-Methylphenethylamine N-Methyltyramine N terminus Neuromodulation Neurotransmitter Nitric oxide Nitrogen Non-covalent interactions Non-proteinogenic amino acid Non-proteinogenic amino acids Nonribosomal peptide Norepinephrine Nucleic acid Nucleic acid notation Nucleic acid sequence Nucleotide N–O acyl shift O-GlcNAc O-glycosylation O-methylation Octopamine Open-chain compound Organic chemistry Organic compound Organic solvent Ornithine Ornithine aminotransferase Ornithine decarboxylase Oxaloacetic acid Oxidation PH PKa PYCR1 Palmitic acid Palmitoylation Pantothenic acid Parkinson's Paywall Pepsin Peptide Peptide bond Peptide synthesis Peripheral membrane protein Phenethylamine Phenylalanine Phenylalanine hydroxylase Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase Phenylpropanoid Phospholipid Phosphorylation Photo-reactive amino acid analog Photoleucine Photomethionine Pi backbonding Pier Luigi Luisi Pierre Jean Robiquet Plant defense against herbivory Plastid Plenum Press Polyamine Polyaspartate Polyglutamylation Polyglycylation Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory Polymer Polymerization Polypeptide Polysaccharide Porphyrin Post-translational modification Post translational modification Posttranslational modification Prenylation Primordial soup Proline Proline oxidase Propionyl-CoA Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Propionylation Prosthetic implant Protecting group Protein Protein (nutrient)Protein acetylation Protein biosynthesis Protein folding Protein metabolism Protein primary structure Protein sequencing Protein structure Proteinogenic amino acid Protein–protein interaction Proteolysis Pyrazinoic acid Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase Pyrrolysine Pyruvate RNA RNA codon table RNA world Racemization Residue (chemistry)Resonance-assisted hydrogen bond Reticulorumen Ribosome Ribozyme Robert Sidney Cahn Ruminant Russell Doolittle S-Adenosyl methionine S-adenosylmethionine SECIS element SUMO protein Saccharopine dehydrogenase Salt bridge (protein and supramolecular)Secondary amino acid Selenocysteine Selenomethionine Serine Serine dehydratase Serine hydroxymethyltransferase Serine protease Serotonin Solvation Soybean Species Spherical aromaticity Springer Verlag Stacking (chemistry)Stereochemical Stereogenic Stereoisomers Stop codon Strecker synthesis Substituent Succinyl-CoA Succinylation Sulfilimine bond Sulfur Symmetric hydrogen bond Synephrine Taurine Three-center four-electron bond Three-center two-electron bond Threonine Threonine aldolase Tissue (biology)Titration curve Topaquinone Trace amine Transaminase Transamination Transfer RNA Transglutamination Transition metal amino acid complexes Translation (biology)Transsulfuration pathway Triacylglycerol Tryptophan Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Tryptophan tryptophylquinone Tyramine Tyrosinase Tyrosine Tyrosine aminotransferase Tyrosine sulfation Ubiquitination Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Urea Urea cycle Urey-Miller experiment Uric acid Urocanase Uwe Meierhenrich Valine Van der Waals force Vladimir Prelog Water William Cumming Rose Worth Publishers X-ray crystallography Zwitterion Zwitterionic Α-ketoglutarate Α-ketoisocaproate dioxygenase Β-alanine

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