Protein biosynthesis

Definition

Protein biosynthesis, or protein synthesis, is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins through the production of fresh proteins. Proteins perform a number of critical functions as enzymes, structural proteins or hormones. Protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but there are some distinct differences.

Related concepts

ADP-ribosylation Acetyl-CoA Acetyl group Acetylation Acetyltransferase Active site Acylation Adenine Adenosine diphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adenylylation Alanine Albumin Allysine Alpha helix Alternative splicing Alzheimer's Amide Amino acid Antiparallel (biochemistry)Archaeal transcription Archaeal translation Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Bacterial transcription Bacterial translation Base pair Beta sheet Biliprotein Biological machine Butyrylation C terminus Carbamylation Carboxylation Cell (biology)Cell nucleus Central dogma of molecular biology Chaperone (protein)Chromoprotein Cis-regulatory element Citrullination Codon Complementarity (molecular biology)Covalent bond Cysteine Cytoplasm Cytosine DNA Deamidation Deamination Dephosphorylation Desmosine Detyrosination Diphthamide Directionality (molecular biology)Disulfide Disulfide bond Edestin Endoplasmic reticulum Enzyme Epigenetics Eukaryote Eukaryotes Eukaryotic transcription Eukaryotic translation Exon Extracellular Five-prime cap Flavin group Formylation François Jacob Gene Gene expression Gene regulatory network Genetic code Genetic disorder Genomic imprinting Globular protein Globulin Glutamate Glutamine Glutarylation Glycan Glycation Glycine Glycophosphatidylinositol Glycoside hydrolases Glycosylation Glycosyltransferases Golgi apparatus Green Fluorescent Protein Guanine Haemoglobin Helicase Histidine Histidine ammonia-lyase Histone Histone acetylation and deacetylation Histone acetyltransferase Histone methylation Homeostasis Hormone Hydrogen bond Hydrolysis Hydroxyl Hydroxylation Hydroxylysine Imine Introduction to genetics Intron Jacques Monod Kaede (protein)Kinase Lac operon Lactylation Lipocalin List of proteins Lysine Lysine malonylation Lysine methylmalonylation Lysine tyrosylquinone MRNA Mature messenger RNA Membrane protein Messenger RNA Methionine Methyl group Methylation Methyltransferase MicroRNA Misfolded proteins Missense mutation Molecular machine Monosaccharide Multi-subunit complex Mutation Myristoylation N-linked glycosylation N terminus Nanoscopic scale Necrosis Neurological disorder Nonsense mutation Nuclear pore Nucleotide N–O acyl shift O-GlcNAc O-glycosylation O-linked glycosylation O-methylation Order of magnitude P-bodies Palmitoylation Parkinson's disease Peptide bond Peptidyl transferase Phosphatase Phosphate Phosphodiester bonds Phosphorylation Photoreceptor protein Phycobiliprotein Phytochrome Polyadenylation Polyglutamylation Polyglycylation Polynucleotide Polypeptide chain Polysaccharide Polysome Porphyrin Post-transcriptional modification Post-transcriptional regulation Post-translational modification Post-translational regulation Posttranslational modification Pre-mRNA Prenylation Primary transcript Prion Prokaryote Proline Promoter (genetics)Propionylation Proteases Proteasome Protein Protein acetylation Protein aggregation Protein domain Protein folding Protein methods Protein methylation Protein phosphorylation Protein primary structure Protein quaternary structure Protein secondary structure Protein structure Protein targeting Protein tertiary structure Protein–protein interaction Proteolysis Proteome RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RNA polymerase RNA polymerases RNA splicing Racemization Redox Regulation of gene expression Release factor Reverse transcription Ribosomal RNA Ribosome Ribosome-nascent chain complex Rough endoplasmic reticulum SUMO protein Scleroprotein Serine Sickle cell disease Solubility Spliceosome Start codon Stop codon Succinylation Sulfilimine bond Thiol Threonine Thymine Topaquinone Transcription (biology)Transcription factor Transcriptional regulation Transfer RNA Transglutamination Translation (biology)Translational regulation Tryptophan Tryptophan tryptophylquinone Tyrosine Tyrosine sulfation Ubiquitination Uracil

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