Carbohydrate

Definition

A carbohydrate is a sugar (saccharide) or a sugar derivative. For the simplest carbohydrates, the carbon-to-hydrogen-to-oxygen atomic ratio is 1:2:1, i.e. they are often represented by the empirical formula (CH2O)n. Together with amino acids, fats, and nucleic acids, the carbohydrates are one of the major families of biomolecules.

Related concepts

ATP synthase Acarbose Acetal Acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation Adenosine triphosphate Aerobic respiration Aldohexose Aldose Allose Altrose Amadori rearrangement American Diabetes Association Amino acid Amino acid synthesis Amylopectin Amylose Anabolism Anaerobic respiration Anomer Anoxygenic photosynthesis Anticoagulant Apple Apricot Arabinose Arabinoxylans Arthur Harden Banana Beet Bernardo Houssay Beta-glucan Beta oxidation Biochemistry Bioenergetics Bioinorganic chemistry Blood clotting Blood glucose Bowel movements Bread British Dietetic Association Calorie restriction Carbohydrate NMR Carbohydrate acetalisation Carbohydrate catabolism Carbohydrate digestion Carbohydrate metabolism Carbohydrate synthesis Carbon dioxide Carbon fixation Carboxylic acid Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular health Carl Ferdinand Cori Carl Schmidt (chemist)Carrot Cassava Catabolism Celebrity endorsement Cellobiose Cellular respiration Cellulose Cereal Chemical energy Chemosynthesis Chili pepper Chitin Chitosan Chlororespiration Citric acid cycle Claude Bernard Coenzyme Consortium for Functional Glycomics Constipation Cyanohydrin reaction Cyclohexane conformation DNA DeLey-Doudoroff pathway Degree of polymerization Deoxy sugar Deoxyribose Developmental biology Dextran Dextrin Diauxie Dietary fiber Dihydroxyacetone Diose Disaccharide Eicosanoid metabolism Electron transport chain Electrospray ionization Emil Fischer Empirical formula Endocrine Society Energy Entner-Doudoroff pathway Enzyme Epilepsy Epimer Erythrose Erythrulose Escherichia coli Essential fatty acid Ethanol fermentation Ethanol metabolism Evidence-based medicine Fad Fatty acid degradation Fatty acid metabolism Fatty acid synthesis Fermentation Ferrier II reaction Ferrier rearrangement Fertilization Ficus Flavin adenine dinucleotide Flavoring Flour Food additive Food and Agriculture Organization Food chemistry Food coloring Food energy Food fortification Food science Fructan Fructo-oligosaccharide Fructolysis Fructooligosaccharide Fructose Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Fructose 6-phosphate Fruit Fucose Fuculose Fungi Furanose Galactolysis Galactooligosaccharide Galactose Gastrointestinal Gerty Cori Glucan Gluconeogenesis Glucose Glucose 6-phosphate Glycan Glycan-protein interactions Glycans Glycemic control Glycemic index Glycemic load Glyceraldehyde Glycobiology Glycoconjugate Glycoconjugates Glycogen Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Glycoinformatics Glycolaldehyde Glycolipid Glycolysis Glycome Glycomics Glycoprotein Glycosaminoglycan Glycoside hydrolase Glycosidic bond Glycosidic linkage Glycosyl Glycosylation Gram Grape Gulose Halitosis Hans von Euler-Chelpin Headache Healthy diet Hemicellulose Heparin Heptose Hexose High-performance liquid chromatography History of sugar Honey Human gastrointestinal microbiota Human iron metabolism Hydrocarbon Hydrocolloid Hydrolysis Hydroxy group Idose Immune system Insomnia Institute of Medicine Insulin Inulin Isomaltooligosaccharide Isomaltose Isomaltulose Jam Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac Ketogenic diet Ketohexose Ketose Ketosis Koenigs–Knorr reaction LMU Munich Lac operon Lactic acid fermentation Lactose Lactulose Large intestine Legume Leloir pathway Lentinan Levan polysaccharide Life Lignin Lipid Lipid metabolism Lipogenesis Lipolysis Lobry de Bruyn–Van Ekenstein transformation Low-carbohydrate diet Luis Leloir Lyxose MALDI Macromolecule Macronutrient Maize Maltodextrin Maltose Maltotriose Mannans Mannitol Mannoheptulose Mannose Mass spectrometry Melezitose Metabolic network Metabolic pathway Metabolism Microbiota Mineral (nutrient)Molecular biology Monosaccharide Mutarotation N-linked glycosylation NMR spectroscopy National Academies Press Nature Publishing Group Navel orange Nef reaction Neuraminic acid New Guinea Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nonose Nucleic acid metabolism Nucleotide salvage Nucleotides Nutrition O-linked glycosylation Oat beta-glucan Octose Oligosaccharide Oligosaccharides Onion Organic chemistry Organic reaction Organism Otto Meyerhof Oxidative phosphorylation Oxygen Pathogenesis Peach Pear Pectin Pentose Pentose phosphate pathway Phosphagen Photosynthesis Phytochemical Pineapple Pituitary gland Plants Plum Polyol Polyol pathway Polysaccharide Portable Document Format Primary nutritional groups Protecting group Protein Protein biosynthesis Protein catabolism Protein folding Protein metabolism Proteoglycan Psicose Pulse (legume)Purine metabolism Purine nucleotide cycle Purines Pyranose Pyrimidine metabolism Pyruvate dehydrogenase RNA Radiosynthesis (metabolism)Raffinose Raymond Dwek Resistant starch Reverse cholesterol transport Rhamnose Ribose Ribulose Ruminant Saccharic acid Saccharine Schizophyllan Sedoheptulose Short-chain fatty acid Sialic acid Side effect Small intestine Sorbitol Sorbose Sphingolipid metabolism Springer Science+Business Media Stachyose Starch Starch sugar Steroid Substrate-level phosphorylation Sucrose Sugar Sugar beet Sugar cane Sugarcane Sulfate Sulfuric acid Sweet potato Tagatose Talose Termite Tetrasaccharide Tetrose The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Threose Tipson-Cohen reaction Trehalose Triose Trisaccharide Turanose Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes U.S. Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs United States Department of Agriculture Urea cycle Vitamin Water Whole grain William Prout Wohl degradation World Health Organization Xanthan gum Xylose Xylose metabolism Xylulose Yam (vegetable)Zymosan

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