Fermentation

Definition

Fermentation is a type of anaerobic metabolism that harnesses the redox potential of the reactants to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organic end products. Organic molecules, such as glucose or other sugars, are catabolized and their electrons are transferred to other organic molecules. Anaerobic glycolysis is a related term used to describe the occurrence of fermentation in organisms when aerobic respiration cannot keep up with the ATP demand, due to insufficient oxygen supply or anaerobic conditions.

Related concepts

ATP synthase Acetaldehyde Acetic acid Acetogenesis Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation Acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation Acetyl-CoA Actinomycetota Acyl-CoA Adenosine triphosphate Aerobic fermentation Aerobic respiration Alanine Alcoholic beverage Alcoholic fermentation Algae Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid Amino acid Amino acid metabolism Amino acid synthesis Amino sugar Aminolevulinic acid Anabolism Anaerobic respiration Ancient Egypt Anoxygenic photosynthesis Antibiotic Antioxidant Antoine Lavoisier Archaea Arginine Aromatic amino acid Ascorbate Aspartic acid Ayurveda Babylon Bacillota Bacteria Bacterium Baltic mythology Beer Beta oxidation Bile acid Bile pigment BioAmber Biochar Bioenergetics Biogas Bioinorganic chemistry Biomanufacturing Biomass Biomass (energy)Blood Branched-chain amino acid Brewing industry Budding Butanediol fermentation Butyrate fermentation Butyric acid Calciferol California Gold Rush California gold rush Caproate fermentation Carbohydrate catabolism Carbohydrate metabolism Carbon dioxide Carbon fixation Carotenoid Carp Casein Catabolism Cell signaling Cellular respiration Chametz Charles Cagniard de la Tour Cheese analogue Chemostat Chemosynthesis Chlorophyll Chlororespiration Cholesterol Christianity and alcohol Circular economy Citric acid Citric acid cycle Clean Air Act (United States)Clostridium pasteurianum Cobalamin Cofactor (biochemistry)Cori cycle Cornish-Bowden, Athel Corynebacterium glutamicum Creatine DNA replication Dark fermentation DeLey-Doudoroff pathway Deamination Disaccharide Disproportionation Eduard Buechner Egg substitute Eicosanoid Eicosanoid metabolism Electron Electron transport chain Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition Endocannabinoid system Entner-Doudoroff pathway Enzyme Erythrose 4-phosphate Escherichia coli Ethanol Ethanol fermentation Ethanol metabolism Ethylene Exothermic reaction Fatty acid Fatty acid degradation Fatty acid metabolism Fatty acid synthesis Fed-batch culture Fermentation (disambiguation)Fermentation in food processing Fermentation lock Fermentative hydrogen production Fermented tofu Ferredoxin Flatus Friedrich Traugott Kützing Friedrich Wöhler Fructolysis Functional food Fungi Galactolysis Gasoline Glucogenic amino acid Gluconeogenesis Glucose Glucose 6-phosphate Glutamic acid Glycan Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glycerol Glycerolipid Glycerophospholipid Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Glycolysis Glycoprotein Glycosphingolipid Glycosylation Glyoxylate cycle Glyoxylic acid Gut fermentation syndrome Halophiles Heme Hemoglobin Hemoprotein Hemorrhagic shock Histidine Homolactic fermentation Homoserine Human iron metabolism Humans Hydrogen Hydrogenase Impossible Burger Impossible Foods India Industrial fermentation Inositol phosphate Isopentenyl pyrophosphate Jiahu Justus von Liebig Ketogenesis Ketogenic amino acid Ketone bodies Ketosis Lactate shuttle hypothesis Lactic acid Lactic acid fermentation Lactic acidosis Lactobacilli Lactobacillus Lactose Le Chatelier's principle Leghemoglobin Leloir pathway Light-dependent reactions Lipid metabolism Lipogenesis Lipolysis List of fermented foods Liver Livestock Louis Pasteur Lysine Maize Malic acid Meat analogue Metabolic network Metabolic pathway Metabolism Metalloprotein Methanogen Methylerythritol phosphate Mevalonate pathway Mevalonic acid Microorganism Milk substitute Miscanthus Mixed acid fermentation Monosaccharide Mutation Myoglobin N-linked glycosylation Neolithic Neolithic China Neurotransmitters Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Nobel Prize in chemistry Non-fermenter Non-mevalonate pathway Nucleic acid Nucleic acid metabolism Nucleotide Nucleotide salvage Nucleotide sugar Nutraceutical O-linked glycosylation Oleaginous microorganism Organic acid Organic compound Oxaloacetic acid Oxidative phosphorylation Oxygen Panicum virgatum Pasteurization Pentose phosphate pathway Perfect Day (company)Phosphagen Phosphate Phosphoglycerate Phosphoketolase Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphorylation Photofermentation Photorespiration Photosynthesis Photosystem Plug flow reactor model Polyamine Polyethylene Polyketide Polyol pathway Polysaccharide Polyunsaturated fatty acid Prentice Hall Primary nutritional groups Probiotic Proline Propionic acid Propionyl-CoA Protein Protein biosynthesis Protein catabolism Protein metabolism Proteoglycan Proteolysis Purine metabolism Purine nucleotide cycle Pyrimidine metabolism Pyruvate dehydrogenase Pyruvic acid Quinone Radiosynthesis (metabolism)Recombinant protein Redox Retinoid Reverse cholesterol transport Ribose 5-phosphate Rudolf Diesel Saccharomyces cerevisiae Samuel Morey Sepsis Serine Shikimate pathway Shikimic acid Sialic acid Souring Sphingolipid Sphingolipid metabolism Steroid Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate (biochemistry)Succinate Succinic acid Succinyl-CoA Sudan Sugar acid Sugar beets Sugarcane Sulfate-reducing microorganisms Symbiotic fermentation Tempeh Terpenoid Theodor Schwann Thermophile Thyroid hormone Tocopherol Transcription (genetics)Transit map Translation (biology)Triglyceride Turbidostat Urea cycle Vitalism Vitamin Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Wax Whey Wikisource Xylose metabolism Yeast Yogurt

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