Biology

Definition

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of life. Central to biology are five fundamental themes: the cell as the basic unit of life, genes and heredity as the basis of inheritance, evolution as the driver of biological diversity, energy transformation for sustaining life processes, and homeostasis, the maintenance of internal stability.

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Abiogenesis Adaptation Adenosine triphosphate Aerobiology Agricultural science Agriculture Agronomy Agrostology Al-Dīnawarī Al-Jahiz Alexander von Humboldt Alfred Hershey Alfred Russel Wallace Alga Altricial American Association for the Advancement of Science American Biology Teacher Amino acid Anatomy Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece Animal Animals Anthropology Anton van Leeuwenhoek Archaea Aristotle Astrobiology Atmosphere of Earth Atom Bachelor of Science Bacteria Bacteriology Bibliography of biology Binomial nomenclature Biochemistry Biocoenosis Biodiversity Biodiversity loss Bioenergetics Biogeochemical cycle Biogeography Biogeology Bioinformatics Biological (disambiguation)Biological diversity Biological engineering Biological interaction Biological organisation Biological research Biological system Biologist Biology (disambiguation)Biology Letters Biology in fiction Biomass Biome Biomechanics Biomedical sciences Biomolecule Biophysics Biosemiotics Biosphere Biostatistics Biotechnology Botany Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory Breathing Calculus Carbohydrate Carl Linnaeus Cell (biology)Cell biology Cell cycle Cell signaling Cell theory Cellular microbiology Cellular respiration Central dogma of molecular biology Cephalopod Charles Darwin Charles Lyell Chemical biology Chemical bond Chemical element Chemical process Chromosome Chronobiology Circulatory system Classical genetics Climate Climate change Cloud Co-operation (evolution)Codon Cognitive biology Common Era Common descent Common name Community (ecology)Comparative biology Computational biology Conservation biology Cryobiology Current Biology Cytogenetics DNA DNA replication Darwinism Deep homology Dendrology Developmental biology Dissection Diversity of life Domain (biology)Drosophila melanogaster Dysgenics Earliest known life forms Early Earth Earth Earth science Ecological genetics Ecological niche Ecology Ecosystem Ecosystem ecology Ecosystems Embryogenesis Embryology Emergence Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition Endocrine system Energy Entomology Environmental science Enzyme Epidemiology Epidermis (botany)Epigenetics Ethnobotany Eugenics Eukaryote Evo-devo gene toolkit Evolution Evolution of ageing Evolution of sexual reproduction Evolutionary biology Evolutionary developmental biology Evolvability Extinction Fauna Fermentation Field (physics)Flora Flower Francis Crick Francis Darwin Freshwater biology Function (biology)Fungi Fungus Future of Earth Gaia hypothesis Gene Gene expression Gene flow Generative biology Genetic code Genetic drift Genetics Genome Genomics Geobiology Geological history of Earth Geology Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon Gerd B. Müller Germ theory of disease Gerontology Glossary of biology Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus Great chain of being Greek language Gregor Mendel Ground tissue Habitat Habitats Har Gobind Khorana Health technology Heredity Herpetology Hershey–Chase experiment Histology History of Earth History of RNA biology History of agricultural science History of anatomy History of biochemistry History of biology History of biotechnology History of botany History of ecology History of evolutionary thought History of genetics History of geology History of life History of medicine History of model organisms History of molecular biology History of molecular evolution History of paleontology History of phycology History of plant systematics History of science History of the creation–evolution controversy History of zoology since 1859 History of zoology through 1859 Homeostasis Homeotic gene Hugh Chisholm Human Genome Project Human biology Human digestive system Human evolution Humboldtian science Ichthyology Immune system Immunology Impact factor In silico In vitro In vivo Index of biology articles Infusoria Insect Interdisciplinary Internal environment Internal structure of Earth International Journal of Biological Sciences Introduction to evolution Introduction to genetics James Watson Jan Sapp Jan Swammerdam Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Karl Friedrich Burdach Karolinska Institutet Kingdom (biology)Lamarckism Leaf Life Lipid Lipidology List of biological websites List of biologists List of biology awards List of biology disciplines List of biology journals List of biology topics List of conservation topics List of geneticists and biochemists List of life sciences List of publications in biology List of research methods in biology List of unsolved problems in biology Macroevolution Macromolecule Mammalogy Marine biology Marshall Warren Nirenberg Martha Chase Mathematical and theoretical biology Mathematical modeling Matter Matthias Jakob Schleiden Mechanical philosophy Medicine Meiosis Mendelian inheritance Mesopotamia Metabolism Meteorology Michael Christoph Hanow Microbiology Microbiome Microevolution Microscope Miller–Urey experiment Mitosis Modern synthesis (20th century)Molecular Biology Molecular biology Molecular genetics Molecule Monomer Moonlight Muscular system Mutation Mycology Natural environment Natural history Natural philosophy Natural science Natural selection Natural theology Nature Nature-based solutions Neontology Nervous system Neuroscience Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nucleic acid Nutritional science Ocean Omne vivum ex ovo On the Origin of Species One gene–one enzyme hypothesis Organ (biology)Organelle Organic compound Organism Original research Ornithology Osteology Outline of Earth sciences Outline of biology Outline of natural science Outline of physical science Outline of space science Oxford English Dictionary PH PLOS Biology PNAS Paleontology Parasitology Particle Pathology Peer-review Peer review Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pharmacology Pharming (genetics)Philosophy of biology Phloem Photobiology Photosynthesis Phycology Phylogenetic Phylogenetic tree Phylogenetics Physical anthropology Physician Physiology Plant Plant stem Plants Plate tectonics Polymer Pomology Population (biology)Population ecology Population genetics Post-transcriptional modification Precocial Primatology Prokaryote Protein Protein biosynthesis Proteomics Protist Protistology Protists Proto-Indo-European language Protocell Public Library of Science Public domain Punnett square Quantum biology RNA RNA world Radiation Rain Recombinant DNA Reductionism Regulation of gene expression Relational biology Relationship between religion and science Reproduction Reproductive biology Reproductive system Resource (biology)Respiratory system Robert Remak Robert W. Holley Root Routledge Royal Society Rudolf Virchow Scholarly method Science Science (journal)Science in the medieval Islamic world Scientific law Scientific method Scientific study Scientific theory Sean B. Carroll Self-replication Sequence hypothesis Sex linkage Shoot (botany)Snow Sociobiology Space Spatial biology Speciation Species Spermatozoa Spontaneous generation Springer-Verlag Staining Stephen Jay Gould Stimulus (physiology)Structural biology Structure Structure of DNA Sunlight Sustainability Synthetic biology Systematics Systems biology Taxonomic rank Taxonomy Taxonomy (biology)Teleology in biology Teratology Theodor Schwann Theodosius Dobzhansky Theophrastus Thomas Beddoes Thomas Hunt Morgan Thomas Malthus Tide Time Timeline of biology and organic chemistry Timeline of immunology Tinbergen's four questions Tissue (biology)Tornado Toxicology Transcription (biology)Translation (biology)Tropical cyclone Universe Uterus Vascular plant Vascular tissue Vertebrate Virology Virophysics Virus Water Weather Welfare biology Wilderness Wildfire Wind Xenobiology Xylem Zoology

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