Botany

Definition

Botany, also called phytology or plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology that studies plants, especially their anatomy, taxonomy, and ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who specialises in this field. "Plant" and "botany" may be defined more narrowly to include only land plants and their study, which is also known as phytology. Phytologists or botanists study approximately 410,000 species of land plants, including some 391,000 species of vascular plants and approximately 20,000 bryophytes.

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10th edition of Systema Naturae 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ABC model of flower development Abiogenesis Abiotic component Abscisic acid Abscission Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Activated carbon Active transport Adaptation Adenine Adenosine triphosphate Adolf Fick Adventitious Aerobiology Aestivation (botany)Aglaophyton Agricultural science Agriculture Agrobacterium tumefaciens Agronomy Agrostology Aimé Bonpland Albedo Aleurone Alexander Braun Alexander von Humboldt Alga Algae Algospongia Alkaloid Allopolyploid Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle Alpine climate Alternation of generations American Chemical Society Amino acid Amino acids Amorphea Amyloplasts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants Anaerobic organism Analgesics Anatome Plantarum Anatomy Anatomy of Plants Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece Ancient Greek Andrea Cesalpino Andreaeaceae Andreaeobryum Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper Aneurophytopsida Angiosperm Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Angiosperms Animal Animals Ant Anther Antheridium Anthocyanin Anthropology Antoine Laurent de Jussieu Apical dominance Apomixis Apomorphies Arabidopsis thaliana Archaea Archaeobotany Archaeopteridopsida Archaeplastida Archegonium Arctic Areoles Aristotle Aroma compounds Arthur Cronquist Arthur Tansley Arthur William Hill Artificial pollination Asa Gray Asexual reproduction Aspirin Asteraceae Astrobiology Astrobotany Athyrium filix-femina Atom August Grisebach August Weismann Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Author citation (botany)Autopolyploid Auxin Avestan language Azalea Bacteria Bacteriology Banana Bangiophyceae Barbara McClintock Barinophyte Bark (botany)Barley Basal angiosperms Base pairs Bat Batology Bennettitales Bentham & Hooker system Bernard de Jussieu Berry (botany)Beyträge zur Anatomie der Pflanzen Biennial plant Binomial nomenclature Biochemistry Biocoenosis Biodiesel Biodiversity Biofuel Biogeochemical cycle Biogeography Biogeology Bioinformatics Biological engineering Biological interaction Biological life cycle Biological organisation Biological system Biologist Biology Biomass Biome Biomechanics Biomedical sciences Biomes Biopharmaceutics Biophysics Bioreactor Biosemiotics Biosphere Biostatistics Biotechnology Biotic components Bladderwort Botanic (disambiguation)Botanical expeditions Botanical garden Botanical name Botanical nomenclature Botanist (disambiguation)Botany (disambiguation)Brachypodium distachyon Bract Bramble Branches of botany Brassicaceae Breathing Bryology Bryophyte Bryopsida Bt corn Bud Bulb Bulbs Bulk movement Butanol fuel C3 carbon fixation C4 carbon fixation C4 plants Cactus Caffeine Calamopityaceae Calcium Callistophytales Callus (cell biology)Calvin cycle Candollean system Cannabis (drug)Capsaicin Capsule (fruit)Carbohydrate Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Carbon fixation Carbon sequestration Carl Linnaeus Carl Ludwig Willdenow Carnivorous plant Carotenoid Carpel Carpology Cataphyll Causes of Plants Caytoniales Cell (biology)Cell biology Cell cycle Cell division Cell elongation Cell growth Cell line Cell membrane Cell nucleus Cell plate Cell potency Cell signaling Cell theory Cell wall Cellophane Cellular differentiation Cellular microbiology Cellular respiration Cellulose Center of diversity Center of origin Cereals Character (biology)Charcoal Charles Darwin Charophyceae Charophyta Chemical biology Chemical bond Chemical element Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Chlorodendrales Chlorokybophyceae Chlorophyceae Chlorophyll Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Chlorophyta Chloropicaceae Chloroplast Christen C. Raunkiær Chromatin remodeling Chromatography Chromosome number Chronobiology Circulatory system Citrus taxonomy Clade Cladistics Cladogram Cladoxylopsida Class (biology)Climacteric (botany)Climate Climate change Climax vegetation Clive A. Stace Clive Stace Cloning Cognitive biology Coleochaetophyceae Coleoptile Column (botany)Common descent Common name Common wheat Community (ecology)Comparative anatomy Comparative biology Compsopogonophyceae Computational biology Conifer Coniine Conium Conrad von Gesner Conservation (ethic)Conservation biology Convergent evolution Cooksoniopsida Cordaitales Cork (material)Cork cambium Cork oak Correct name Corystospermaceae Cotton Coumarin Crassulacean acid metabolism Cristóbal Acosta Cryobiology Cryptogams Cultigen Cultivar Cultivar group Cultivated plant taxonomy Cushion plant Cutin Cyanidiophyceae Cyanidioschyzon merolae Cyanobacteria Cycad Cytogenetics Cytokinesis Cytokinin Cytology Czekanowskiales D. J. Finney DNA DNA barcoding DNA methylation DNA sequence DNA sequences David Beerling De Materia Medica De Sexu Plantarum Epistola De Vegetabilibus De materia medica De plantis libri XVI Dendrology Derivative (chemistry)Developmental biology Devonian Diamorphine Diaphoretickes Dicots Die Metamorphose der Pflantzen Die Vegetabilische Zelle Die Vegetation der Erde Diffusion Diploid Dispersal vector Diterpene Domain (biology)Double fertilization Drug discovery Durum Earliest known life forms Echinocactus Ecological genetics Ecological niche Ecological succession Ecology Economic botany Ecosystem Ecosystem ecology Ecosystems Edaphic Effects of climate change Elaioplast Electron microscope Electron microscopy Electrophoresis Embryo Embryology Embryophyta Embryophyte Embryophytes Emergence Empirical evidence Endangered species Endocrine system Endopolyploidy Endosperm Endosymbiotic Endosymbiotic theory Energy Ensifer meliloti Environmental management Enzyme Eophyllophyton Epicuticular wax Epidemiology Epidermis (botany)Epigenetics Equisetum Erosion Essential oil Ester Ethephon Ethnobotany Ethylene Eudicot Eudicots Eugene Odum Eugenius Warming Eukaryota Eukaryote Euphorbia Euphyllophyte Eurhodophytina Evaporation Evolution Evolution of plants Evolutionary biology Evolutionary developmental biology Evolutionary grade Evolutionary history of plants Experiments Upon Vegetables Experiments on Plant Hybridization Extinction Fabaceae Famennian Familles des Plantes Family (biology)Fatty acids Fermentation Fermentation (food)Fern Ferns Fiber Fick's laws of diffusion Fitness (biology)Flax Flora Floral diagram Floral formula Floral symmetry Floriculture Florideophyceae Floristics Flower Flowering plant Fodder Food chain Food security Forestry Fossil fuel Fossil plants Frank Yates Frederic Clements Frederick Campion Steward Freshwater biology Frits Went Fructose Fruit Fruit anatomy Function (biology)Fungi Fungus Félix de Azara G. Ledyard Stebbins Gamboge Gamete Gametophyte Gas exchange Gaspard Bauhin Gene expression Gene flow Genera Plantarum Generative biology Genetic drift Genetic engineering Genetic modification Genetically modified crops Genetics Genome Genomics Genus Geobiology Geobotanical prospecting Geography Geologic timescale George Engelmann Geotropism Germinate Germination Gerontology Gibberelic acid Gibberelins Gigantopteridales Ginkgo Ginkgoales Glaucophyte Global warming Glossary of biology Glossary of botanical terms Glossary of plant morphology Glossopteridales Glucose Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Gnetophyta Gottlieb Haberlandt Grasses Grazing Great oxygenation event Greek language Green alga Green algae Green fluorescent protein Gregor Mendel Grex (horticulture)Ground tissue Guard cell Guild (ecology)Gunpowder Gymnosperm Gynoecium Habit (biology)Habitat Habitat destruction Haploid Haplomitriopsida Harriet V. Kuhnlein Health technology Heliotropism Hemicellulose Hemp Henry Chandler Cowles Herb Herbaceous plant Herbal Herbalism Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes Herbarium Herbarum Vivae Icones Herbicide Herbivore Heritability Hermaphrodite Herpetology Heterotroph Heterozygous Hexaploid Hieronymus Bock Histology Historia Plantarum (Ray)Historia Plantarum (Theophrastus)Historical climatology History of agricultural science History of agriculture History of biochemistry History of biology History of biotechnology History of botany History of ecology History of evolutionary thought History of genetics History of geology History of herbalism History of life History of medicine History of molecular biology History of molecular evolution History of paleontology History of phycology History of plant systematics History of science Holdridge life zones Homeostasis Homoplasies Honey bee Horizontal gene transfer Horneophytopsida Hornwort Hornworts Horticultural botany Horticulture Human biology Human digestive system Human evolution Human nutrition Hybrid (biology)Hybridization event Hypanthium Hypoxia (environmental)Ibn Bassal Ibn Wahshiyya Ibn al-Baitar Ibykales Ichthyology Immune system Immunology Index of biology articles Indigo Indole-3-acetic acid Indonesia Indoxyl Inflorescence Integument Internal environment International Association for Plant Taxonomy International Botanical Congress International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants Introduced species Introduction to evolution Introduction to genetics Inulin Isatis tinctoria Islamic Golden Age Isoetes Jan Ingenhousz Jardin des Plantes Jasminum grandiflorum Jasmonate Joachim Jungius Joakim Frederik Schouw Johann Wolfgang von Goethe John Gerard John Ray Joseph Banks Joseph Dalton Hooker Joseph Pitton de Tournefort José Celestino Mutis Julius von Sachs Jungermanniopsida Katherine Esau Katrien Devos Kenneth V. Thimann Kingdom (biology)Klebsormidiales Kreütterbuch Land plants Layering (horticulture)Leaf Leiosporoceros Leonhart Fuchs Liana Libellus De Re Herbaria Novus Lichen Lichenology Life Light-independent reactions Lignin Lilium columbianum Lincoln green Linen Linnaean Garden Linnaean taxonomy Lipid Lipidology List of biologists List of biology awards List of biology journals List of botanical gardens List of botanists List of botanists by author abbreviation List of botanists by author abbreviation (W–Z)List of botany journals List of domesticated plants List of flowers List of individual trees List of oldest trees List of plant orders List of research methods in biology List of superlative trees List of systems of plant taxonomy List of tallest trees List of unsolved problems in biology Lists of plants Live cell imaging Liverwort Liverworts Locule Lumber Lycophyte Lycopodiaceae Lycopodiophyta Lycopodiopsida Lyginopteridales Mace (spice)Macroevolution Magnesium Magnoliids Maize Mamiellophyceae Mammalogy Marcello Malpighi Marchantiophyta Marchantiopsida Marianne North Marine biology Mass flow (life sciences)Mathematical and theoretical biology Matter Matthias Jakob Schleiden Mechanical philosophy Medicago italica Medication Medicinal plants Medullosales Megaspore Meiosis Mendelian Mendelian inheritance Mentha aquatica Mentha spicata Meristem Mesangiospermae Mesostigmatophyceae Metabolism Metabolomics Methionine Methyl cellulose Mevalonate pathway Michel Adanson Microbiology Microbiome Microevolution Micrographia Micropropagation Microsporangia Microspore Middle Ages Mimosa pudica Mitochondria Mitosis Model organism Molecular biology Molecular diffusion Molecular genetics Molecular oxygen Molecular phylogenetics Molecule Monastery Monocots Monocotyledon Monoecious Monomer Monophyletic Morphine Morphogenesis Mosquitoes Moss Mosses Muscular system Mutation Mutualism (biology)Mycologists Mycology Mycorrhiza Myristica fragrans Myrmecophyte NADPH Nabatean Agriculture Nathanael Pringsheim Native Americans in the United States Natural History (Pliny)Natural History Museum, London Natural history Natural philosophy Natural rubber Natural science Natural selection Nectar Nehemiah Grew Neolithic founder crops Neontology Nepenthaceae (1873 monograph)Nephroselmidaceae Nervous system Neuroscience Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure Nicotine Nif gene Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov Nikolai Vavilov Nitrocellulose Nitrogen Nitrogen fixation Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Noeggerathiopsida Non-vascular plant Nucleic acid Nucleic acid sequence Numerical taxonomy Nut (fruit)Nutmeg Nutritional science Oak Oedipodium Oil On Plants On the Origin of Species Ontogeny and Phylogeny (book)Opiate Opium Opium poppy Optical microscope Order (biology)Ordovician Organ (biology)Organelle Organic chemistry Organic compound Organism Ornithology Orto botanico di Padova Orto botanico di Pisa Oryza sativa Osmosis Osteology Otto Brunfels Outline of biology Outline of botany Ovary Ovary (botany)Ovule Oxford English Dictionary Oxygen Ozone depletion PH Palaeobotany Palaeozoic Paleobotany Paleoethnobotany Paleontology Palmophyllophyceae Palynology Papaver somniferum Paper chromatography Papyrus Paramutation Paraphyletic Parasitic plant Parasitology Parenchyma Parthenogenesis Particle board Pasture Pathology Peas Pectin Pedanius Dioscorides Pedicel (botany)Pedinophyceae Peer review Peltaspermales Pentoxylales Peppermint Perennial plant Pereskia Perianth Petal Petiole (botany)Petriellales Pflanzengeographie auf Physiologischer Grundlage Pharmaceutical industry Pharmacology Pharmacopoeia Pharming (genetics)Phenology Phenotype Philosophia Botanica Philosophy of biology Phloem Phosphorus Photobiology Photomorphogenesis Photoreceptor protein Photorespiration Photosynthesis Phototroph Phototropism Phragmoplast Phragmoplastophyta Phycologists Phycology Phylogenetic nomenclature Phylogenetic tree Phylogenetics Phylogeny Phylum Physcomitrella patens Physic garden Physiology Phytochemical Phytochemistry Phytochrome Phytogeography Phytohormone Phytol Phytomelanin Phytopathology Phytopharmacology Phytosociology Picocystis Picomonas Picozoa Pinax theatri botanici Pineapple Pinophyta Plant Plant anatomy Plant breeding Plant cell Plant community Plant cuticle Plant defence against herbivory Plant ecology Plant evolution Plant evolutionary developmental biology Plant genetics Plant hormone Plant identification Plant intelligence Plant morphology Plant nutrition Plant pathology Plant physiology Plant propagation Plant reproduction Plant reproductive morphology Plant stem Plant systematics Plant taxonomy Plant tissue culture Plantesamfund Plantlet Plants Plasmodesma Plastid Plesiomorphies Pliny the Elder Ploidy Pluripotent Poaceae Pollen Pollen tube Pollinate Pollination Pollinator Polymath Polymer Polyphyly Polysaccharide Polysporangiophyte Polytrichaceae Pomology Population (biology)Population ecology Porphyridiaceae Post-transcriptional modification Potassium Prasinoderma Prasinodermophyta Primary metabolism Primary production Primatology Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis Prodromus Theatrici Botanici Progymnosperm Prokaryote Prostrate shrub Protein Proteomics Proteorhodophytina Protist Protistology Protists Proton gradient Protopityales Proxy (climate)Pteridology Pteridophyte Pteridosperm Pteridospermatophyta Pulse (legume)Punnett square Purine Pyramimonadophyceae Pyrena Pyrolysis Quantum biology Raceme Rapeseed Raunkiær plant life-form Rayon Receptacle (botany)Recherches Chimiques sur la Végétation Recreational drugs Red alga Red algae Red wine Redox Reductionism Regulation of gene expression Relational biology Rembert Dodoens Renaliales Reporter gene Reproduction Reproductive biology Reproductive system Reproductively isolated Reseda luteola Resin Resource (biology)Resource management Respiratory system Rhizobia

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