Biogeography

Definition

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants, Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals, while Mycogeography is the branch that studies distribution of fungi, such as mushrooms.

Related concepts

Abiogenesis Abiotic component Abiotic stress Abundance (ecology)Adaptation Adaptive radiation Adenosine triphosphate Aerobiology Afrotropical realm Age of Enlightenment Agronomy Agrostology Alexander von Humboldt Alfred Russel Wallace Alfred Wegener Alga Allee effect Allen's rule Allometry Allopatric speciation Alphonse de Candolle Alternative stable state Altitudinal zonation Amazon Basin Amino acid Anatomy Ancestors Animal Animal coloration Animal migration Antarctic Antarctic realm Anthropology Anti-predator adaptation Antibiosis Apex predator Applications of evolution AquaMaps Archaea Arctic realm Ascendency Asia Assembly rules Astrobiology Atlas of Living Australia Atmospheric science Atom Augustin de Candolle Australasian realm Australia Autotroph Bacteria Bacteriology Bacteriophage Bacterivore Balance of nature Bateman's principle Bathymetry Behavioral ecology Benthic zone Bergmann's rule Bibliography of biology Bioaccumulation Biochemistry Biocoenosis Biodiversity Biogeochemical cycle Biogeographic realm Biogeography-based optimization Biogeology Bioindicator Bioinformatics Biological data visualization Biological dispersal Biological engineering Biological interaction Biological organisation Biological system Biology Bioluminescence Biomagnification Biomass Biomass (ecology)Biome Biomechanics Biophysics Bioregion Biosemiotics Biosocial criminology Biosphere Biostatistics Biota (ecology)Biotechnology Biotic component Biotic stress Book frontispiece Botany Breathing Camouflage Carbohydrate Carl Linnaeus Carnivore Carrying capacity Cascade effect (ecology)Cell (biology)Cell biology Cell cycle Cell signaling Cell theory Cellular microbiology Cellular respiration Center of origin Central Indo-Pacific Charles Darwin Charles Lyell Charles Scribner's Sons Chemical biology Chemical bond Chemical element Chemoorganoheterotrophy Chemoorganotroph Chemosynthesis Chemotroph Chronobiology Cichlids Circulatory system Cladistics Climate Climate change Climatological Climatology Climax community Cline (biology)Cloud forest Coastal geography Coevolution Coextinction Cognitive biology Cold seep Commensalism Common descent Common name Community (ecology)Comparative biology Competition (biology)Competitive exclusion principle Computational biology Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography Conservation biology Consumer-resource model Consumer (food chain)Consumer–resource interactions Continental Drift Continental drift Contingency (evolutionary biology)Contour line Convergent evolution Cooperation (evolution)Copiotroph Coral reef Cosmos (Humboldt)Cross-boundary subsidy Cryobiology Current research in evolutionary biology Cytogenetics DNA Darwin's finches David Quammen Decomposer Decomposition Deimatic behaviour Demersal zone Dendrology Density dependence Depensation Deserts and xeric shrublands Detritivore Detritus Developmental biology Dinosaur paleobiogeography Distance decay Disturbance (ecology)Divergent evolution Dominance (ecology)Drainage basin Drainage divide Dysgenics E. O. Wilson Earliest known life forms Eastern Indo-Pacific Ecological classification Ecological collapse Ecological debt Ecological economics Ecological effects of biodiversity Ecological efficiency Ecological extinction Ecological facilitation Ecological footprint Ecological forecasting Ecological genetics Ecological indicator Ecological land classification Ecological network Ecological niche Ecological pyramid Ecological resilience Ecological stability Ecological stoichiometry Ecological succession Ecological threshold Ecological trap Ecological yield Ecology Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary Ecopath Ecoregion Ecosystem Ecosystem based fisheries Ecosystem diversity Ecosystem ecology Ecosystem engineer Ecosystem model Ecotone Ecotype Edaphology Edge effects Edward Osborne Wilson Effective population size Elevation Embryology Emergence Endemic (ecology)Endemism Endocrine system Endolith Energy Energy flow (ecology)Energy quality Energy systems language Environmental humanities Enzyme Epidemiology Epidermis (botany)Epigenetics Erosion Eugenics Eukaryote Evidence of common descent Evolution Evolution as fact and theory Evolutionary aesthetics Evolutionary anthropology Evolutionary biology Evolutionary developmental biology Evolutionary ecology Evolutionary economics Evolutionary epistemology Evolutionary ethics Evolutionary game theory Evolutionary history of life Evolutionary ideas of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Evolutionary linguistics Evolutionary medicine Evolutionary neuroscience Evolutionary physiology Evolutionary psychology Evolutionary taxonomy Experimental evolution Extinction Extinction debt Extinction event F-ratio (oceanography)Feed conversion ratio Feeding frenzy Fermentation Flagship species Flooded grasslands and savannas Floristic region Floristics Flower Food chain Food web Foraging Fossils Foster's rule Foundation species Francisco Jose de Caldas Freshwater Freshwater biology Function (biology)Functional ecology Fungus Galapagos Islands Galapagos finches Gene expression Gene flow Generalist and specialist species Generative biology Genetic diversity Genetic drift Genetic variation Genetics Genome Genomics Geobiology Geodispersal Geographic Information Systems Geography Geological Geological time Geology Geomorphology Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon Geostatistics Gerontology Glaciation Glaciology Global 200 Global Biodiversity Information Facility Glossary of evolutionary biology Gondwana Great American Interchange Green world hypothesis Ground tissue Guianas Guild (ecology)Habitat Habitat fragmentation Hawaiian Islands Herbivore Herbivore adaptations to plant defense Herpetology Heterotroph Heterotrophic nutrition Hewett Cottrell Watson Histoire Naturelle Histology History of biology History of evolutionary thought History of life History of molecular evolution History of paleontology History of speciation Holarctic realm Homeostasis Human biology Human digestive system Human evolution Hydrology Hydrothermal vent Ichthyology Ideal free distribution Immune system Immunology Index of biology articles Index of evolutionary biology articles Indomalayan realm Industrial ecology Insectivore Insular biogeography Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Internal environment International Code of Area Nomenclature Interspecific competition Intertidal ecology Intertidal zone Intraguild predation Intraspecific competition Introduced species Introduction to evolution Introduction to genetics Invasion genetics Invasive species Island Island biogeography John Gould Journal of Biogeography Kelp forest Keystone species Kinetotroph Kleiber's law Laboratory experiments of speciation Lake ecosystem Land change modeling Landmass Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Landslide Latitude Latitudinal gradients in species diversity Laurasia Leaf Level of support for evolution Lichen biogeography Liebig's law of the minimum Life Limiting similarity Limnology Lipid Lipidology List of biogeographic provinces List of biology journals List of feeding behaviours Lists of ecoregions Lithoautotroph Lithotroph Littoral zone Logistic function Lotka–Volterra equations Macroecology Macroevolution Malay Archipelago Malthusian growth model Mammalogy Mangrove Marginal value theorem Marine biology Marine ecoregions Marine food web Marine habitat Marine microorganisms Mathematical and theoretical biology Matter Max Carl Wilhelm Weber Maximum sustainable yield Mechanical philosophy Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub Meiosis Mendelian inheritance Mesopredator Mesopredator release hypothesis Mesosaur Mesotrophic soil Metabolic theory of ecology Metabolism Metapopulation Meteorology Microbial biogeography Microbial cooperation Microbial ecology Microbial food web Microbial intelligence Microbial loop Microbial mat Microbial metabolism Microbiology Microbiome Microecosystem Microevolution Microorganism Miklos Udvardy Mimicry Minimum viable population Mitosis Mixotroph Modern synthesis (20th century)Molecular biology Molecular systematics Molecule Monomer Montane grasslands and shrublands Muscular system Mushrooms Mutation Mutualism (biology)Myco-heterotrophy Mycology Mycoloop Mycotroph National Biodiversity Network Native species Natural environment Natural selection Nature versus nurture Nearctic realm Neogene Neontology Neotropical realm Neritic zone Nervous system Neuroscience Niche apportionment models Niche construction Niche differentiation Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Non-trophic networks North America North Pacific Gyre Nucleic acid Nutrient cycle Nutritional science Objections to evolution Occupancy–abundance relationship Ocean Biodiversity Information System Oceanian realm Oceanic dispersal Oceanography Oligotroph Omnivore On the Origin of Species Ontogenetic niche shift Optimal foraging theory Ordination (statistics)Organ (biology)Organelle Organic compound Organism Organotroph Orinoco Ornithology Osteology Outline of biology Outline of ecology Outline of evolution Overexploitation Overpopulation PH Palaeogeography Palaeontology Palearctic realm Paleoclimatology Paleogene Paleogeography Paleontology Panbiogeography Pangea Paradox of the plankton Parallel evolution Parasitism Parasitology Patch dynamics Pathology Paul Schultz Martin Pedology Peer review Pelagic zone Perching birds Phage ecology Pharmacology Philip Lutley Sclater Phloem Photobiology Photoheterotroph Photosynthesis Photosynthetic efficiency Phototroph Phycology Phylogenetic tree Phylogenetics Phylogeography Physical geography Physiognomy Physiographic region Physiology Phytochorion Phytogeography Planktivore Plant Plant defense against herbivory Plant stem Plate tectonics Pleistocene Polymer Polymorphism (biology)Pomology Pond Population (biology)Population cycle Population distribution Population dynamics Population ecology Population genetics Population model Population size Population viability analysis Post-transcriptional modification Predation Prey switching Primary nutritional groups Primary production Primatology Priority effect Productivity (ecology)Prokaryote Protein Proteomics Protist Protistology Quantitative genetics Quantum biology Quaternary science R/K selection theory Random generalized Lotka–Volterra model Range (biology)Rapoport's rule Recent human evolution Recruitment (biology)Reductionism Refugium (population biology)Regime shift Regionalisation Regulation of gene expression Rejection of evolution by religious groups Relational biology Relative abundance distribution Relative species abundance Reproduction Reproductive biology Reproductive system Resistance (ecology)Resource (biology)Resource selection function Respiratory system Restoration ecology Riparian zone River capture River ecosystem Robert MacArthur Root Science Scientific law Scientific method Scientific theory Sea level Sea surface temperature Selective breeding Self-replication Semiaquatic Sexecology Shoaling and schooling Shoot (botany)Sky island Small population size Social effects of evolutionary theory Sociobiology Soil food web Soil science Source–sink dynamics South America Southern Ocean Spatial biology Spatial ecology Speciation Species Species-area curve Species composition Species distribution Species distribution modelling Species diversity Species homogeneity Species richness Species–area relationship Squamata Steppe Stimulus (physiology)Storage effect Stream capture Structural biology Structure Suboscine Subsidence Symbiosis Synthetic biology Systematic and evolutionary biogeography association Systematics Systems biology Systems ecology Taiga Taxonomic rank Taxonomy (biology)Tectonic uplift Teleost Temperate Australasia Temperate Northern Atlantic Temperate Northern Pacific Temperate South America Temperate Southern Africa Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Temperate climate Temperate coniferous forest Temperate deciduous forest Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands Teratology Terrestrial animal The Theory of Island Biogeography The eclipse of Darwinism Theistic evolution Theoretical ecology Thorson's rule Tide pool Timeline of biology and organic chemistry Timeline of paleontology Timeline of the evolutionary history of life Tissue (biology)Toxicology Transitional fossil Transmutation of species Tritrophic interactions in plant defense Trophic cascade Trophic level Trophic mutualism Trophic state index Tropical Atlantic Tropical Eastern Pacific Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Tropics Tundra Umbrella species Unified neutral theory of biodiversity Uniformitarianism Universal Darwinism University of Kansas Urban ecology Vascular plant Vascular tissue Vegetation Vegetation classification Vicariance Virology Virophysics Virus Wallace Line Water Welfare biology Western Indo-Pacific Wetland Whaling Xenobiology Xerosere Xylem Zoogeographical region Zoogeography Zoology

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