Chromosomal translocation

Definition

In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes. This includes "balanced" and "unbalanced" translocation, with three main types: "reciprocal", "nonreciprocal" and "Robertsonian" translocation. Reciprocal translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by exchange of parts between non-homologous chromosomes. Two detached fragments of two different chromosomes are switched. Robertsonian translocation occurs when two non-homologous chromosomes get attached, meaning that given two healthy pairs of chromosomes, one of each pair "sticks" and blends together homogeneously. Each type of chromosomal translocation can result in disorders for growth, function and the development of an individual's body, often resulting from a change in their genome.

Related concepts

16p11.2 duplication syndrome 17q12 microdeletion syndrome 1p36 deletion syndrome 1q21.1 copy number variations 1q21.1 deletion syndrome 1q21.1 duplication syndrome 22q11.2 distal deletion syndrome 22q11.2 duplication syndrome 22q13 deletion syndrome 45,X/46,XY mosaicism 46,XX/46,XY ABL (gene)Abl gene Accipitridae Acentric fragment Acrocentric Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation Acute myelogenous leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia Acute promyelocytic leukemia Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma Anaplastic large cell lymphoma Anaplastic lymphoma kinase Aneuploidy Angelman syndrome Autosomal Autosome BCR (gene)BCR gene B chromosome Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 Bcl-2 Burkitt's lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma C-myc CENPA CENPC1 CENPC2 CENPF CENPH CENPI CENPJ CENPK CENPM CENPN CENPO CENPP CENPQ CENPT COL1A1 CREB3L1 Cat eye syndrome Cell (biology)Centromere Centromere protein B Centromere protein E Children Chromatid Chromatin Chromosomal crossover Chromosomal inversion Chromosome Chromosome 1 Chromosome 11 Chromosome 13 Chromosome 13 (human)Chromosome 14 (human)Chromosome 15 Chromosome 17 Chromosome 21 Chromosome 21 (human)Chromosome 22 Chromosome 4 Chromosome 5 Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome Chromosome 7 Chromosome abnormalities Chromosome abnormality Chromosomes Chronic myelogenous leukemia Circular bacterial chromosome Collagen, type I, alpha 1 Congenital defects Conservative mutation Cri du chat syndrome Cyclin D1 Cytogenetic notation Cytogenetics Cytosine arabinoside DDIT3 DISC1 DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 DNA damage (naturally occurring)DNA replication DbCRID Deletion (genetics)Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor DiGeorge syndrome Dicentric chromosome Dinokaryon Distal 18q-Distal trisomy 10q Down syndrome Dynamic mutation ETV6 Emanuel syndrome Essential gene Euchromatin Ewing's sarcoma Ewing sarcoma Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 Extrachromosomal DNA FLI1 FUS (gene)Fluorescence in situ hybridization Follicular lymphoma Follicular thyroid cancer Forkhead box protein O1 Fragile X syndrome Frameshift mutation Fusion gene Fusion protein G banding Gamete Gametogenesis Gene Gene fusion Genes Genetic counseling Genetic testing Genetics Genome Genomic imprinting Germ line cell HLF (gene)Heterochromatin Histone Histone H1 Histone H2A Histone H2B Histone H3 Histone H4 Holocentric chromosome Homologous chromosome IGH@Insertion (genetics)International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature Ionizing radiation Isochromosome Jacobsen syndrome Janus kinase 2 Karyogram Karyotype Klinefelter syndrome Lampbrush chromosome Leukemia Linear chromosome List of organisms by chromosome count List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes Locus (genetics)Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma Lymphoma MALT lymphoma MKL1 Mantle cell lymphoma Marker chromosome Mayo Clinic Meiosis Microcephaly Microchromosome Miller–Dieker syndrome Miscarriage Missense mutation Mitosis Monocentric Monosomy Mosaic (genetics)Multiple myeloma Mutation Myc Myxoid liposarcoma NPM1 Neutral mutation Non-homologous end joining Non-homologous recombination Nondisjunction Nonsense mutation Nonsynonymous substitution Nuclear organization Nucleosome Nullisomic Oligoastrocytoma Oligodendroglioma Oncogene PAX3 PAX7 PDGFB PML protein Paired box gene 8 Paleopolyploidy Papillary thyroid cancer Paracaspase Patau syndrome Pentasomy X Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ Phenotype Philadelphia chromosome Plasmid Ploidy Point mutation Polycentric chromosome Polyploidization Polyploidy Polytene chromosome Prader–Willi syndrome Promyelocytic leukemia protein Protamine Proximal 18q-Pseudodiploid Q-banding RBM15 RET proto-oncogene RNA-binding protein EWS RNA-binding protein FUS RUNX1 RUNX1T1 Retinoic acid receptor alpha Ring chromosome Ring chromosome 14 syndrome Ring chromosome 15 Ring chromosome 18 Ring chromosome 20 syndrome Ring chromosome 21 Ring chromosome 22 Ring chromosome 6 Ring chromosome 9 Robertsonian translocation SSX1 SSX2 SYT1 Satellite chromosome Schizophrenia Sex-determination system Sex chromosome Silent mutation Small supernumerary marker chromosome Smith–Magenis syndrome Somatic cell Staining dye Submetacentric Syndactyly-nystagmus syndrome due to 2q31.1 microduplication Synonymous substitution Synovial sarcoma Synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint TAR syndrome TCF3 TINF2 Takifugu rubripes Telocentric Telomere Telomere-binding protein Tetrasomy Tetrasomy 9p Tetrasomy X Transition (genetics)Transversion Trisomy Trisomy 16 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 22 Trisomy 8 Trisomy 9 Trisomy X Trisomy rescue TrkC receptor Turner syndrome Uniparental disomy Williams syndrome Wilms tumor protein Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome XXXXY syndrome XXXYY syndrome XXXY syndrome XXYY syndrome XX male syndrome XYYYY syndrome XYYY syndrome XYY syndrome X chromosome Y chromosome

23 concepts already in your glossary