Human

Definition

Humans are the most abundant and widespread species of primates, characterized by bipedality, hairlessness and large, complex brains enabling the development of advanced technology, culture and language. Humans are highly social beings and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. Social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals, which bolster human society. Curiosity and the human desire to understand and influence the environment have motivated humanity's development of science, philosophy, religion, mythology and other fields of knowledge. Language, art and trade are additional defining characteristics of human culture.

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10th edition of Systema Naturae 4.2-kiloyear event Abstraction Accelerating change Achaemenid Empire Actionbioscience Adaptation Adolescence Adolescent Adoption Adult Aesthetics Affect (psychology)Affinity (law)Africa African continent Age of Discovery Age of Enlightenment Age of Revolution Agriculture Air conditioning Airplane Akha people Akkadian language Albinism All of Us (initiative)Allen's rule Alliances Altricial American Association for the Advancement of Science American Institute of Biological Sciences American Psychological Association American Society of Mammalogists Ancestry Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Ancient history Andean civilizations Anger Animal Animal Diversity Web Animal communication Annual Review of Political Science Antarctic realm Antarctica Anxiety Aorta Ape Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative Apollo 11 Appendix (anatomy)Applied sciences Aquatic ape hypothesis Arable land Archaic human Archaic humans Architecture Arctic region Ardipithecus Ardipithecus kadabba Ardipithecus ramidus Aristotle Art Artificial intelligence Artistic inspiration Assembly line Assisted reproductive technology Astronomy Atlantic slave trade Attachment (psychology)Australopithecine Australopithecus Australopithecus afarensis Australopithecus africanus Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus bahrelghazali Australopithecus deyiremeda Australopithecus garhi Australopithecus sediba Authoritarian Authoritarian regime Autosome Awareness Axiology Aztecs BBC BBC News Baby Babylonia Bajau Balance of power (international relations)Bali Band society Barbara J. King Barcode of Life Data System Barter Beginning of human personhood Behavior Behavioral modernity Beijing Belief Bengali language Berbers Berhane Asfaw Bigfoot Billion Binomial nomenclature Biogeographical realms Biological Biology Biology and sexual orientation Biomass (ecology)Bipedality Biruté Galdikas Black Death Black hair Blond Blood type Body fat Body hair Body plan Body shape Body weight Bonobo Bornean orangutan Borneo Orangutan Survival Braille Brazil Brian Massumi Bride Bridegroom British Empire Brown hair Bubonic plague Buddhism Bushmeat Buzz Aldrin CNN Caesarean section Cairo Calorie Cambrian Canine teeth Car Caral–Supe civilization Carboniferous Cardiac output Carl Linnaeus Carnivorous Catalogue of Life Catarrhini Catholic Church Celestial bodies Celestial body Cengage Learning Centenarians Central African Republic Central Intelligence Agency Central and Eastern European Online Library Chalcolithic Charles Darwin Chemistry Chibanian Child Childbirth Childhood Chimpanzee Chimpanzee genome project Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor China Chordate Choropleth map Chris Scarre Chris Stringer Christendom Christianity Christians Chromosome Chromosome 2 City-state Civilization Clarice Weinberg Classical antiquity Climate variability and change Clinal variation Clothing Cognition Cognitive flexibility Cognitive psychology Coins Cold War Cold and heat adaptations in humans Colonialism Colonization of Antarctica Columbian Exchange Combined oral contraceptive pill Commodity money Compass Computer Conflict (process)Consanguinity Consciousness Contemporary history Contentment Control of fire by early humans Cooking Cooperative eye hypothesis Cosmopolitan distribution Countries banning non-human ape experimentation Cow milk Cowrie shells Cradle of civilization Creativity Cretaceous Crime Cro-Magnon Crusades Culinary arts Cultural explosion Cultural universal Culture Cuneiform script Curiosity Current Biology DNA Dairy farming Dance Dark skin David Reich (geneticist)Deep sea Deficiency diseases Definition of religion Deforestation Deism Delhi Deluge (mythology)Democracy Demography Denisovan Denisovans Dental formula Dependent clause Depression (mood)Desert Desertification Developed countries Developed country Developing countries Developmental psychology Devonian Dhaka Dian Fossey Dictionary.com Diet (nutrition)Digestion Directional selection Disease Disease burden Displacement (linguistics)Disposition Distribution (mathematics)Diurnality Divinity Dmanisi hominins Domestication Domestication of vertebrates Donald Johanson Dopamine Dopaminergic Dopaminergic pathways Drama Dream Drunken monkey hypothesis Dunhuang map Duty EPPO Code Early human migrations Early modern human Early modern period Earth Easter Island Eastern gorilla Economic inequality Economics Economist Intelligence Unit Economy Edo period Egyptians Elderly Electricity generation Electronic money Elgin Center Elisabeth Vrba Elizabeth Pennisi Emotion Emotional intelligence Emotional intimacy Empirical observation Encyclopedia of Life Endurance running hypothesis Energy development English language Entrainment (biomusicology)Environment (biophysical)Environmental Management (journal)Environmental destruction Epic of Gilgamesh Epidemiology of obesity Episodic memory Epistemology Erotic Eschatology Ethical Ethics Ethiopia Ethnic group Ethnic music Ethnic origin Eukaryote Euphoria Eurasia European Journal of Information Systems European colonization of the Americas Evolution of bipedalism in humans Evolution of hair Evolution of human intelligence Evolution of skin color Evolutionary Biology (journal)Evolutionary anthropology Evolutionary bottleneck Evolutionary models of human drug use Evolutionary origin of religions Evolutionary pressure Evolutionary psychology of religion Existence Expensive tissue hypothesis Experience Exploration of the Moon Extant taxon Extinct language Eye color Facial expression Facial hair Fall of Constantinople Fall of the Western Roman Empire Familial love Family Family (biology)Fashion design Feeling Female Femininity Fertile Crescent Fertilizer Fetus Fiction Fictive kinship Film Folk physics Folk religion Food science Forging Formal sciences Formal systems Fossil fuels Francois Balloux Frans de Waal Freediving French language Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Function (biology)Fungus Félix Guattari Gale (publisher)Game (food)Gamete Gametogenesis Gathering hypothesis Gen Suwa Gender Gender binary Gender identity Gender role Gender roles Gene Genetic diseases Genetic marker Genetic predisposition Genetics Genocide of indigenous people in the Americas Genome Genome Research Genotype Gestation Gibbon Gibbon–human last common ancestor Gift economy Gilles Deleuze Giza pyramid complex Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka Global Biodiversity Information Facility Global superpower Globalization Godparent Golden ages Gonochorism Gorilla Gorilla beringei Gorilla gorilla Gorilla–human last common ancestor Gorillini Governance Government Grandmother hypothesis Great Ape Project Great Apes Survival Partnership Great Depression Great Pyramid of Giza Great ape Great ape language Great ape personhood Greek Dark Ages Green Revolution Grey hair Gunpowder Gupta Empire H. Wildon Carr Habitat (ecology)Hair color Hair follicle Hair texture Han dynasty Hannah Ritchie Hanne Andersen (philosopher)Haplorhini Happiness Harriet Crawford Hawaiian Islands Headquarters of the United Nations Hearing Heart Heart rate Heat exhaustion Hellenistic period Herto Man Heterosexual High-altitude adaptation in humans Higher-order theories of consciousness Hindi Hindu Hinduism Hindus Historiography History History of agriculture Holocene Holocene extinction Holy Land Holy Roman Empire Hominidae Hominina Homininae Hominini Hominoidea Homo Homo antecessor Homo erectus Homo ergaster Homo floresiensis Homo gautengensis Homo habilis Homo heidelbergensis Homo longi Homo luzonensis Homo naledi Homo rhodesiensis Homo rudolfensis Homo sapiens (disambiguation)Homology (biology)Homosexual behavior in animals Homosexuality Hong Kong Human (disambiguation)Human Being (disambiguation)Human Genome Project Human Race (disambiguation)Human behavior Human body Human brain Human development (biology)Human digestive system Human embryo Human evolution Human evolutionary developmental biology Human face Human feces Human fossils Human genetic variation Human genetics Human genome Human geography Human height Human history Human impact on the environment Human intelligence Human nutrition Human physical appearance Human physiology Human population Human presence in space Human reproduction Human settlement Human settlements Human sexual intercourse Human sexual response cycle Human sexuality Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism Human skin color Human skull Human taxonomy Human tooth Human variability Humankind (disambiguation)Humidity Hunter-gatherer Hunting Hunting hypothesis Hybrid regime IEW INaturalist Ian Redmond Identity (social science)Illuminated manuscript Imagination Imaging technology Immanence Immune system Inca Incentive Incest taboo Income Indigenous peoples of the Americas Indonesia Indus Valley Civilization Industrial Revolution Industrialization Industry (economics)Infant Infant mortality Infanticide (zoology)Infertility Information Age Inheritance Inside Indonesia Insomnia Institution Integrated Taxonomic Information System Intelligence quotient Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans Interest (emotion)Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera Internal combustion engine Internal fertilization International HapMap Project International Primate Day International Space Station International organization Internet Intersex Introspection Iron Age Irreligion Irreligious Irrigation Islam Islamic Golden Age Islamic world Ivory Coast Jane Goodall Jared Diamond Java Man Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt Jebel Irhoud Joan Silk John Searle Johnson Space Center Jones & Bartlett Learning Jones & Bartlett Publishers Joseph Needham Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Journal of Molecular Evolution Joy Judaism Julian Jaynes Jurassic Kanchan Chandra Karyotype Kathy Schick Kenyanthropus Killer ape theory Kingdom of Aksum Kingdom of England Kingdom of France Kingdom of Kush Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes Kinship Knowledge transfer LD 350-1 Labor induction Lactation Lactose Lactose tolerance Land development Land speed record for rail vehicles Language Lantian Man Late Bronze Age collapse Late Pleistocene Late modern period Latin Law Libido Life after death Life expectancy Life expectancy at birth Life satisfaction Light skin Lineage (evolution)Linnaeus List of Chinese inventions List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics List of fictional primates List of forms of government List of hominoids List of human evolution fossils List of individual apes List of language families List of largest cities List of largest empires List of national legal systems Literary arts Literature Loanword Logic Logic (philosophy)Lone Drøscher Nielsen Love Low birth weight Lucid dream Lucy (hominid)Madagascar Malaria Male Mali Empire Mammal Mammal Species of the World Man Man (word)Mandarin Chinese Mankind (disambiguation)Manot 1 Mariette DiChristina Marriage Masculinity Maslow's hierarchy of needs Masturbation Maternal death rates Mathematics Max Roser Max Velmans Maya calendar Maya civilization Mechanics Medicine Meg-John Barker Megaannum Melanin Member states of the United Nations Men Menopause Mental function Mental time travel Merriam-Webster Dictionary Mesoamerica Mesoamerican Classic period Mesopotamia Meta-cognition Metaphysics Mexico City Middle Ages Middle English Middle Paleolithic Middle Pleistocene Military Mind Minoan civilization Miocene Mirror test Mississippian culture Mitochondrial Eve Modern era Modern science Molecular Biology and Evolution Molecular clock Money Mongol Empire Monism Monkey Day Monkeys and apes in space Monogamy Monotheism Monozygotic twins Mood (psychology)Moon Moral code Moral development Morality Morphology (biology)Most recent common ancestor Motivation MtDNA Mughal Empire Multiregional origin of modern humans Mumbai Murder Musa (genus)Muscular evolution in humans Music Music genre Muslim Muslims Myth Mythic humanoids NASA Nakalipithecus Name of a biological genus Names for the human species Nanjing Man Napoleonic Wars Nation Nation state National Biodiversity Network National Center for Biotechnology Information Natural childbirth Natural disasters Natural resource Natural sciences Natural selection Nature (journal)Nature Ecology & Evolution Neanderthal Neanderthal genome project Neil Armstrong Neogene Neolithic Revolution Neoteny Neurophysiology Neuroscience New Scientist New World New Zealand Newsweek Nicole Fortin Non-binary gender Nonhuman Rights Project Norepinephrine Norm (sociology)Normandy landings North Africa Nubians Nuclear arms race Nuclear fission Nucleotide diversity Numerical cognition OED Obesity Observation.org Obsidian Obstetrical dilemma Ocean Biodiversity Information System Oceania Octave Old French Old World Old age Omnivorous Open Tree of Life Opposable thumb Orangutan Orangutan–human last common ancestor Orbitofrontal cortex Ordovician Organ systems Organization Origin of language Origin of life Origin of modern humans Origin of speech Origins of agriculture in West Asia Orisha Orrorin Osaka Ottoman Empire Outer space Overconsumption Oxford University Press Oxytocin Pagri (turban)Painting Palate Paleoanthropology Paleobiology Database Paleogene Pan (genus)Pan paniscus Pan troglodytes Panina Pantheism Paper Paper money Papua New Guinea Paranthropus Paranthropus aethiopicus Paranthropus boisei Paranthropus robustus Patriarch hypothesis Peking Man Pelvis Penicillin Perception Performing arts Permian Persistent vegetative state Person Personality psychology Personhood Peter Fibiger Bang Phenotype Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences Philosophy Phoneme Physical intimacy Physical strength Physics Physiology Pigs Plant Plant breeding Pleasure Ploidy Poetry Policies Politics Pollution Polyandry Polygyny Polytheism Pongids Ponginae Pongo abelii Pongo pygmaeus Pongo tapanuliensis Pons Population bottleneck Population density Population growth Portuguese language Post-classical history Poverty Point culture Power (social and political)Practice (social theory)Precambrian Preference Prefrontal cortex Prehistory Prehistory of nakedness and clothing Primate Primate archaeology Primates Printing press Privilege (social inequality)ProQuest Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Prose Pseudoscience Psychologists Psychology Puberty Qing dynasty Quality of life Quaternary International REM phase of sleep Race (human categorization)Radio Railways Realisation (metrology)Reason Recent African origin of modern humans Recent human evolution Reciprocal influence Red Deer Cave people Red hair Religion Religious cosmology Religious ethics Renaissance Reputation Research stations in Antarctica Reward system Rights Ritual Robert Boyd (anthropologist)Robotic spacecraft Rocket Roman Empire Romantic love Russell Tuttle Russian language SAGE Publications SCMaglev Sacred Sadness Sahel Sahelanthropus Sari Science Science (journal)Science Daily Science and technology of the Han dynasty Scientific Scientific American Scientific Revolution Scientific law Scientific method Scramble for Africa Sculpture Self-aware Self-awareness Self-domestication Semiconductor Senegambia Sense Sentience Sentient being Serotonin Seti I Sex Sex-determination system Sex-determining region Y protein Sex differences in humans Sex differences in longevity Sexual dimorphism Sexual division of labour Sexual maturity Sexual orientation Sexual selection in humans Shang dynasty Shanghai Shango Sheep Sherwani Sickle cell anemia Sign language Sikhism Silk Road Silurian Single nucleotide polymorphisms Skyscraper Sleep Sleep deprivation Sleep pattern Slum Smelling Smelting Social Social behavior Social class Social constructionism Social identity Social interaction Social mobility Social norm Social science Social sciences Social status Social stratification Social structure Socialization Society Solo Man Somatic cell Southern Dispersal Southwest Asia Soviet Union Space Race Spanish language Species Speech Spice trade Spirituality Standard Arabic Star map Starvation State (polity)Steel Stephanie Dalley Stroke volume Sub-Saharan Africa Sub verbo Subjectivity Subsistence Subspecies Sudanian savanna Suffering Sumatran orangutan Sumer Sunlight Supernatural Sweat gland Syrian people Systema Naturae São Paulo Tachycardia Tam Pa Ling Cave Tapanuli orangutan Tara Parker-Pope Tautavel Man Taxonomy (biology)Taylor & Francis Technological Revolution Technological advancement Technology Television Temperament Thailand Thames & Hudson The Americas The Economist Democracy Index The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals The World Factbook The arts The arts and politics Theater Theism Theory of mind Third gender Third world Thought Throw Tim D. White Timeline of human evolution Timeline of prehistory Tokyo Tool Trade Trade routes Transcendence (religion)Triassic Tropical rainforest Tuʻi Tonga Empire Tya (unit)U.S. Department of Justice Ultimate fate Ultraviolet United Nations United Nations Development Programme United States Universe University of Chicago University of Missouri School of Medicine University of Otago University of Trento University of Waikato Upper Paleolithic Urban planning Urban revolution Urbanization Urdu Values Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law Vegan Vellus hair Vestigiality Video game Violent crime Visual arts Vitamin D Vocal learning Volition (psychology)Vulnerability W. W. Norton & Company Walter Scheidel Wang Ling (historian)War Water resources Wealth West Africa Western gorilla Westerville City School District White hair Wikidata Willie Smits Wisdom teeth Woman Women World Bank World Health Organization World Register of Marine Species World War I World War II World War II by country World population Writing XY sex-determination system Xeno-canto Yeren Yeti Yohannes Haile-Selassie Yoruba religion Yowie Yuanmou Man ZooBank

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