CRISPR

Definition

CRISPR is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. Each sequence within an individual prokaryotic CRISPR is derived from a DNA fragment of a bacteriophage that had previously infected the prokaryote or one of its ancestors. These sequences are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral defense system of prokaryotes and provide a form of heritable, acquired immunity. CRISPR is found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea.

Related concepts

Academ Acquired immunity AlphaFold Alu element Amino acid Anti-CRISPR Archaea Archaeoglobus fulgidus Bacteria Bacterial DNA binding protein Bacterial conjugation Bacterial genome Bacteriophage Base pair Biofilm Biology Biotechnology CRISPR-associated transposons CRISPR/Cas Tools CRISPR RNA CRISPR Therapeutics CRISPR activation CRISPR gene editing Cas1 Cas12a Cas13 Cas2 Cas3 Cas4 Cas9 Casposon Chemostat Coevolution Comparative genomics Congressional Research Service Conserved Domain Database Contig Crypton transposon DNA DNA mismatch repair DNA transposon DNA virus DRACO Dada transposon Designer baby Direct repeat Double-strand breaks DsDNA Dyad symmetry Elizabeth Pennisi Embryos Emmanuelle Charpentier EnSpm/CACTA Endoribonuclease Engineering Entrez Enzyme Erik J. Sontheimer Escherichia coli Eugene Koonin Evolution Extrachromosomal DNA Feng Zhang Francisco Mojica Gene amplification Gene cluster Gene conversion Gene duplication Gene family Gene knockout Genera Genes & Development Genetics Genome Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens Genomic island George M. Church Ginger1 Ginger2 Glossary of Arabic toponyms Glossary of Hebrew toponyms Glossary of aerospace engineering Glossary of agriculture Glossary of archaeology Glossary of architecture Glossary of areas of mathematics Glossary of artificial intelligence Glossary of astronomy Glossary of biology Glossary of bird terms Glossary of botanical terms Glossary of calculus Glossary of cell biology Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)Glossary of chemistry terms Glossary of civil engineering Glossary of clinical research Glossary of computer hardware terms Glossary of computer science Glossary of developmental biology Glossary of ecology Glossary of economics Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering Glossary of entomology terms Glossary of environmental science Glossary of genetics Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology Glossary of geography terms (A–M)Glossary of geography terms (N–Z)Glossary of geology Glossary of ichthyology Glossary of machine vision Glossary of mechanical engineering Glossary of medicine Glossary of meteorology Glossary of mycology Glossary of nanotechnology Glossary of physics Glossary of probability and statistics Glossary of protistology Glossary of psychiatry Glossary of quantum computing Glossary of robotics Glossary of scientific naming Glossary of structural engineering Glossary of virology Guide RNA HAT transposon Haloarcula Haloferax Haloferax volcanii Harbinger transposon Helicase Helitron (biology)Homologous series Homology (biology)Homology directed repair Horizontal gene transfer Human Microbiome Project Human Nature (2019 film)Human endogenous retroviruses Human germline engineering IS3EU ISL2EU Integrases InterPro Interspersed repeat Inverted repeat Jennifer Doudna Kolobok transposon LINE1 LINE2 LTR retrotransposon Lamarckism Leader sequence (mRNA)Long interspersed nuclear element Low copy repeats MAGESTIC Macrosatellite Mammalian-wide interspersed repeat Medium reiterated repeats 4 Merlin transposon Metagenomics Microbe Microsatellite Minisatellite MuDR National Center for Biotechnology Information New eugenics Nicholas Pyenson Nobel Prize in Chemistry Non-homologous end joining Nova (American TV program)Novosib Nuclease Nucleic acid secondary structure Oikonyms in West and South Asia PBS PDBe-KB P element Pathogenicity island Pectobacterium atrosepticum Pfam Phage Phylogeny PiggyBac transposon system Plasmid Polinton Polymerase chain reaction Prime editing Prokaryotic Protein Data Bank Protein tandem repeats Protospacer adjacent motif Pseudogene Pyrococcus furiosus RNA interference RNAi Repeated sequence (DNA)Repeatome Restriction enzyme Retroposon Retrotransposon Ribosomal DNA Rodolphe Barrangou S. epidermidis Salmonella enterica Satellite DNA Science Serogroup Short interspersed nuclear element SiRNA Single-nucleotide polymorphism Sola transposon Stem-loop Streptococcal Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus thermophilus Structural motif Sulfolobus solfataricus Surveyor nuclease assay Swiss-Prot Symbiosis island Synthetic biology Tandem repeat Tandemly arrayed genes Tc1/mariner Telomere The CRISPR Journal The New York Times TracrRNA Trans-activating crRNA Transformation (genetics)Transib Transposable element Transposon Trinucleotide repeat disorder UniProt Variable number tandem repeat Vibrio cholerae WGBH-TV Walter Isaacson Yersinia pestis Yoshizumi Ishino Zator transposon Zinc finger Zisupton Zygotes

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