Ecosystem

Definition

An ecosystem is a system formed by organisms in interaction with their environment. The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.

Related concepts

Abiogenesis Abiotic Abiotic component Abiotic stress Abundance (ecology)Acid deposition Acid rain Adansonia Adaptation Adirondack Park Aerobiology Africa Age of Earth Agricultural science Agriculture Agroecosystem Agronomy Agrostology Air pollution Alexander Bogdanov Algal bloom Allee effect Allenna Leonard Allometry Alluaudia procera Alternative stable state Amino acid Ammonia Ammonification Ammonium Anatol Rapoport Anatomy Animal Animal coloration Animals Antarctica Anthony Wilden Anthropogenic biome Anthropology Anti-predator adaptation Antibiosis Apex predator Aquatic ecosystem Aquatic ecosystems Archaea Arctic Ocean Arthur Roy Clapham Arthur Tansley Artificialization Ascendency Asia Assembly rules Astrobiology Atlantic Ocean Atmosphere of Earth Australia (continent)Autotroph Bacteria Bacteriology Bacteriophage Bacterivore Baja California desert Balance of nature Barbara J. Grosz Bark (botany)Bateman's principle Behavioral ecology BioSystems Bioaccumulation Biocapacity Biochemistry Biocoenosis Biodiversity Biodiversity banking Biodiversity loss Biogeochemical cycle Biogeochemistry Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification Biogeography Biogeology Bioindicator Bioinformatics Biological data visualization Biological engineering Biological interaction Biological organisation Biological system Biologist Biology Bioluminescence Biomagnification Biomass (ecology)Biome Biomechanics Biomedical sciences Biomolecule Biophysical environment Biophysics Biosemiotics Biosphere Biostatistics Biota (ecology)Biotechnology Biotic component Biotic material Biotic stress Boreal ecosystem Botany Béla H. Bánáthy C. West Churchman Calculus Camouflage Canary Islands Carbohydrate Carbon Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Carnivore Carrying capacity Cartography Cascade effect (ecology)Cataviña Cations Cell (biology)Cell biology Cell theory Cell wall Cellular microbiology Cellular respiration Charles A. S. Hall Charles Sutherland Elton Chemical biology Chemical element Chemistry Chemoorganoheterotrophy Chemoorganotroph Chemosynthesis Chemotroph Chloroplast Chronobiology Claude Shannon Climate Climate change Climate system Climate variability and change Climatology Climax community Cline (biology)Close to nature forestry Closed ecosystem Cloud Cognitive biology Cold seep Commensalism Community (ecology)Comparative biology Competition (biology)Competitive exclusion Competitive exclusion principle Complex system Computational biology Computer cartography Conservation biology Consumer-resource model Consumer (food chain)Consumer–resource interactions Continent Control theory Copiotroph Coral reef Coupled human–environment system Cross-boundary subsidy Cryobiology Cyanobacteria Cybernetics Cytogenetics Decomposer Decomposition Deforestation Deimatic behaviour Dendrology Denitrification Density dependence Depauperate ecosystem Dependent territory Depensation Detritivore Detritus Developing country Developmental biology Disturbance (ecology)Domain (biology)Dominance (ecology)Donella Meadows Doubling time Drought Earth Earth's energy budget Earth's magnetic field Earth's orbit Earth Day Earth in culture Earth science Earth symbol Earth system science Ecological classification Ecological collapse Ecological debt Ecological economics Ecological effects of biodiversity Ecological efficiency Ecological extinction Ecological facilitation Ecological footprint Ecological forecasting Ecological genetics Ecological goods and services Ecological indicator Ecological network Ecological niche Ecological pyramid Ecological resilience Ecological stability Ecological stoichiometry Ecological succession Ecological threshold Ecological trap Ecological yield Ecology Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary Economic system Ecopath Ecoregion Ecosystem-based adaptation Ecosystem-based management Ecosystem (disambiguation)Ecosystem approach Ecosystem based fisheries Ecosystem classification Ecosystem collapse Ecosystem diversity Ecosystem ecology Ecosystem engineer Ecosystem management Ecosystem model Ecosystem respiration Ecosystem services Ecosystem structure Ecosystem valuation Ecosystems Ecotone Ecotope Ecotype Edge effects Edsger W. Dijkstra Edward Norton Lorenz Effective population size Effects of climate change on biomes Effects of climate change on oceans Embryology Emergence Endemism Endolith Energy Energy flow (ecology)Energy quality Energy systems language Environment (systems)Environmental factor Environmental humanities Epidemiology Epigenetics Eric Trist Erosion Eugene P. Odum Eukaryote Europe Evolution Evolutionary biology Evolutionary ecology Exoskeleton Exosphere Extinction debt Extremes on Earth F-ratio (oceanography)F. Stuart Chapin III Faina Mihajlovna Kirillova Fauna Feed conversion ratio Feeding frenzy Fertilizer Field (physics)Flag of Earth Flagship species Flora Food chain Food web Foraging Formation and evolution of the Solar System Fossil fuel Foster's rule Foundation species Francisco Varela Fred Emery Freeze-thaw cycle Freshwater Freshwater biology Freshwater ecosystem Functional ecology Fungi Fungus Future of Earth G. Evelyn Hutchinson Gaia hypothesis Gambia River Generalist and specialist species Generative biology Genetics Genomics Geobiology Geodesy Geodetic astronomy Geologic record Geologic time scale Geological history of Earth Geology Geology of solar terrestrial planets Geomatics Geophysical fluid dynamics Geophysical imaging Geophysics Geopositioning George Dantzig George Klir Gerontology Glacial motion Glacier Glossary of biology Gran Canaria Gravity of Earth Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Green world hypothesis Greenhouse effect Gregory Bateson Groundwater-dependent ecosystems Guild (ecology)Habitat Habitat (ecology)Habitat fragmentation Health technology Heinz von Foerster Herbivore Herbivore adaptations to plant defense Herbivores Herpetology Heterotroph Heterotrophic nutrition High Peaks Wilderness Area Histology History of Earth History of biology History of life Homeostasis Howard T. Odum Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study Human biology Human evolution Human history Human impact on the environment Humberto Maturana Hydrothermal vent Hypha IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Ichthyology Ideal free distribution Ilya Prigogine Immunology Index of biology articles Indian Ocean Industrial ecology Information system Insectivore Insular biogeography Integrated Conservation and Development Project Interbasin transfer Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Internal structure of Earth Interspecific competition Intertidal ecology Intraguild predation Intraspecific competition Introduced species Invasive species Island James Grier Miller James J. Kay Jay Wright Forrester Jennifer Wilby John Seddon Kathleen Carley Katia Sycara Kelp forest Kenneth E. Boulding Kevin Warwick Keystone species Kinetotroph Kingdom (biology)Kleiber's law Lake ecosystem Land change modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Large marine ecosystem Latitudinal gradients in species diversity Leaching (agriculture)Leaf Leaf litter Legume Leuser Ecosystem Liebig's law of the minimum Life Lignin Limiting factor Limiting similarity Limnologist Lipidology List of biologists List of biology awards List of biology journals List of feeding behaviours List of research methods in biology List of sovereign states List of systems sciences organizations List of systems scientists List of unsolved problems in biology Lithoautotroph Lithotroph Living systems Location of Earth Loch Lomond Logistic function Long Term Ecological Research Network Longleaf pine Ecosystem Lotka–Volterra equations Ludwig von Bertalanffy Lydia Kavraki Macroecology Macromolecular assembly Macromolecule Madagascar Magnetosphere Malthusian growth model Mammalogy Manfred Clynes Manuela M. Veloso Margaret Boden Margaret Mead Marginal value theorem Marine biology Marine ecosystem Marine food web Marine habitat Marine microorganisms Marine pollution Mary Cartwright Mathematical and theoretical biology Matter Maximum sustainable yield Medicinal plant Medicinal plants Mesocosm Mesopredator Mesopredator release hypothesis Mesosphere Mesotrophic soil Metabolic theory of ecology Metabolism Metapopulation Meteorology Methane Mexico Microbe Microbial cooperation Microbial ecology Microbial food web Microbial intelligence Microbial loop Microbial mat Microbial metabolism Microbiology Microbivore Microclimate Microecosystem Micronutrient Microorganism Microplastics Mihajlo D. Mesarovic Mike Jackson (systems scientist)Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Mimicry Mineral physics Minimum viable population Mixotroph Molecular biology Montane ecosystem Moon Moonlight Multi-agent system Murray Bowen Mutualism (biology)Myco-heterotrophy Mycology Mycoloop Mycotroph Native species Natural environment Natural resource management Nature Nature-based solutions Navigation Negative feedback Neontology Nervous system Net ecosystem production Net primary production Neuroscience Niche apportionment models Niche construction Niche differentiation Niklas Luhmann Niokolo-Koba National Park Nitrate Nitric oxide Nitrification Nitrite Nitrogen Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen fixation Nitrous oxide Non-trophic networks Norbert Wiener North America North Pacific Gyre Novel ecosystem Nutrient cycle Nutrient cycling Nutritional science Occupancy–abundance relationship Ocean Ocean acidification Oceanography Oligotroph Omnivore Ontogenetic niche shift Open access Optimal foraging theory Order of magnitude Ordination (statistics)Organ (biology)Organelle Organic matter Organism Organotroph Ornithology Osteology Outline of Earth Outline of biology Outline of ecology Overexploitation Overfishing Overpopulation Oxygen Pacific Ocean Paleoclimatology Paleontology Paradox of the plankton Parasitism Parasitology Parent material Particle Patch dynamics Pathology Perturbation (biology)Peter Senge Phage ecology Pharmacology Pharming (genetics)Photobiology Photoheterotroph Photosynthesis Photosynthetic efficiency Phototroph Phycology Phylogenetic tree Phylogenetics Physiology Planetary science Planktivore Plant Plant cuticle Plant defense against herbivory Plants Plate tectonics Pleistocene Pollination Pollution Pomology Population (biology)Population cycle Population dynamics Population ecology Population model Population size Population viability analysis Positive feedback Prebiotic atmosphere Predation Prey switching Primary nutritional groups Primary production Primary succession Primatology Principia Cybernetica Priority effect Productivity (ecology)Prokaryote Proteomics Protist Protistology Protists Protoplasm Qian Xuesen Quantum biology R/K selection theory Radhika Nagpal Radiation Rain Rainforest Random generalized Lotka–Volterra model Rapoport's rule Raymond Lindeman Recommender system Recruitment (biology)Reference ecosystem Regime shift Relational biology Relative abundance distribution Relative species abundance Remote Sensing Reproduction Reproductive biology Resilience (ecology)Resistance (ecology)Resource (biology)Resource selection function Restoration ecology Richard E. Bellman River ecosystem Russell L. Ackoff Ruzena Bajcsy ScienceDaily Scotland Secondary production Secondary succession Seismology Semiaquatic Senegal Sexecology Shoaling and schooling Siberia Signal processing Simon A. Levin Small population size Snow Social responsibility Social system Sociobiology Sociotechnical system Soil carbon Soil food web Soil organic matter Soil retrogression and degradation Solar System Source–sink dynamics South America Southern Ocean Space Spaceship Earth Spatial biology Spatial ecology Species distribution Species distribution modelling Species diversity Species extinction Species homogeneity Species richness Species–area relationship Springer Science+Business Media Stafford Beer Stephanie Forrest Stephen R. Carpenter Stimulus (physiology)Storage effect Stratosphere Structural biology Structure Sugar Sunlight Sustainability Sustainable Development Goals Sustainable development Symbiosis Synthetic biology System System dynamics Systematics Systemics Systems analysis Systems art Systems biology Systems ecology Systems engineering Systems neuroscience Systems pharmacology Systems philosophy Systems psychology Systems science Systems theory Systems theory in anthropology Systems theory in archaeology Systems theory in political science Systems thinking Taiga Talcott Parsons Tarangire Ecosystem Taxonomy Taxonomy (biology)Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands Temperate rainforest Teratology Terrestrial animal Terrestrial ecosystem Terrestrial ecosystems Theoretical ecology Thermosphere Thorson's rule Tide Tide pool Time Time zone Timeline of biology and organic chemistry Tissue (biology)Topography Tornado Tourism Toxicology Tritrophic interactions in plant defense Trophic cascade Trophic level Trophic mutualism Trophic state index Tropical cyclone Tropical forest Tropical salt pond ecosystem Troposphere Tundra Twelve leverage points Types of volcanic eruptions Umbrella species Unified neutral theory of biodiversity Universe Urban ecology Urban ecosystem Urban metabolism Victor Aladjev Virology Virophysics Virtual globe Virus Vladimir Vernadsky Water cycle Water pollution Watershed management Weather Weathering Welfare biology Wetland White Mountains (New Hampshire)Wikidata Wilderness Wildfire Wildfire suppression William Ross Ashby Wind World World-systems theory World economy Xenobiology Xerosere Zoology

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