Speciation

Definition

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within lineages. Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic.

Related concepts

Abiogenesis Academic Press Adaptation Adaptation and Natural Selection Adaptive radiation Addison-Wesley African pygmy kingfisher Alfred Russel Wallace Alister Hardy Allen & Unwin Allochronic speciation Alloenzyme Allopatric speciation Alternatives to Darwinian evolution Altruism (biology)Amiiformes Anagenesis Animal husbandry Anisogamy Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Annual Review of Genetics Antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis Anthoxanthum odoratum Anthropocene Apomixis Apple Applications of evolution Aptian extinction Arthur Roy Clapham Asexual reproduction Assortative mating Astrobiology Axel Meyer Background extinction rate Baldwin effect Basic Books Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model Behavioral and Brain Sciences Benjamin Cummings Biodiversity Biogeography Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Biological life cycle Biological process Biosocial criminology Blending inheritance Brassica oleracea Butterfly Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event Cambridge University Press Canalisation (genetics)Canidae Carboniferous rainforest collapse Carnian pluvial episode Cat gap Catagenesis (biology)Catastrophism Cattle Cauliflower Cell nucleus Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event Character displacement Charles Darwin Cheating (biology)Chromosome Chronospecies Cichlid Cladistics Cladogenesis Climate variability and change Cline (biology)Coevolution Coextinction Columbia University Press Common descent Contingency (evolutionary biology)Convergent evolution Cooperation (evolution)Cornell University Press Cospeciation Court jester hypothesis Crataegus Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event Cultural evolution Cultural group selection Current Opinion (Elsevier)Current research in evolutionary biology Daniel Dennett Darevskia Darwin's finches Darwinism David Hume David Sloan Wilson De-extinction Death Decline in amphibian populations Decline in insect populations Deep time Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Dinosaur Diploid Divergent evolution Domestic animal Domestic plants Domestication of the dog Donald Symons Donkey Dresbachian Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila pseudoobscura Drosophilidae Dual inheritance theory Dysgenics E. B. Ford E. F. Warburg Earliest known life forms East Africa Ecological extinction Ecological genetics Ecological niche Ecological speciation Edge.org Elliott Sober Elsevier Emeishan Traps Empathy End-Botomian mass extinction End-Ediacaran extinction Endling Endomembrane system England Eocene–Oligocene extinction event Ernst Mayr Eugenics Eukaryote Evidence for speciation by reinforcement Evidence of common descent Evidence of evolution Evolution Evolution (journal)Evolution as fact and theory Evolution of Macropodidae Evolution of ageing Evolution of bacteria Evolution of biological complexity Evolution of birds Evolution of brachiopods Evolution of butterflies Evolution of cells Evolution of cephalopods Evolution of cetaceans Evolution of color vision Evolution of color vision in primates Evolution of emotion Evolution of eusociality Evolution of fish Evolution of flagella Evolution of fungi Evolution of insects Evolution of lemurs Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles Evolution of mammals Evolution of molluscs Evolution of morality Evolution of nervous systems Evolution of primates Evolution of reptiles Evolution of sexual reproduction Evolution of sirenians Evolution of snake venom Evolution of spiders Evolution of tetrapods Evolution of the brain Evolution of the eye Evolution of the horse Evolution of the wolf Evolutionarily stable strategy Evolutionary aesthetics Evolutionary anthropology Evolutionary arms race Evolutionary biology Evolutionary developmental biology Evolutionary ecology Evolutionary economics Evolutionary epistemology Evolutionary ethics Evolutionary game theory Evolutionary history of plants Evolutionary ideas of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Evolutionary invasion analysis Evolutionary linguistics Evolutionary medicine Evolutionary mismatch Evolutionary neuroscience Evolutionary physiology Evolutionary pressure Evolutionary psychology Evolutionary radiation Evolutionary taxonomy Evolutionary tradeoff Exaptation Experimental evolution Extended evolutionary synthesis Extinct in the wild Extinction Extinction Rebellion Extinction debt Extinction event Extinction risk from climate change Extinction symbol Extinction threshold Extinction vortex Field guide Field of bullets Finch Fisher's principle Fitness (biology)Fossil Founder effect Francisco J. Ayala Frank Sulloway Fresh water Functional extinction Galápagos Islands Galápagos tortoise Gamete Gaur Gene Gene-centered view of evolution Gene flow Genetic assimilation Genetic diversity Genetic drift Genetic erosion Genetic pollution Genetic variation Genetics (journal)Genus George C. Williams (biologist)Glossary of evolutionary biology Glossary of speciation God's utility function Golden toad Goldfish Great Oxidation Event Group selection Gull H. Allen Orr Habitat destruction Habitat fragmentation Hair Haldane's rule Handicap principle Haplochromis nyererei Harvard University Press Heliconius Heredity (journal)History of evolutionary thought History of life History of molecular evolution History of paleontology History of speciation Holocene extinction Hologenome theory of evolution Hominini Homology (biology)Horse Host (biology)Human evolution Human extinction Human impact on the environment Hybrid (biology)Hybrid speciation Hybrid zone Hyena Hypothetical species IUCN Species Survival Commission Immune system Inbreeding Inbreeding avoidance Inbreeding depression Inclusive fitness Index of evolutionary biology articles Insular dwarfism Integrative and Comparative Biology International Union for Conservation of Nature Introduction to evolution Introduction to speciation Invasion genetics Invasive species Inversion (evolutionary biology)Ion speciation Ireviken event Island biogeography James Mallet Jerry Coyne John D. Hawks John Endler John Gould John Maynard Smith John Murray (publishing house)Johns Hopkins University Press Journal of Theoretical Biology Julian Huxley Jurassic Kin recognition Kin selection Klepton Koinophilia Komodo (island)Laboratory experiments of speciation Lake Baikal Lake Malawi Lake Tanganyika Lake Victoria Lamarckism Lampriformes Last glacial period Last universal common ancestor Late Devonian extinction Late Ordovician mass extinction Latent extinction risk Lau event Lazarus taxon Level of support for evolution List of African dinosaurs List of Asian dinosaurs Lists of extinct species Living fossil Local extinction Luca Comai Macroevolution Maize Mariana mallard Marine (ocean)Mark Ridley (zoologist)Marlene Zuk Mate choice Mating type Meiosis Mendelian inheritance Menno Schilthuizen Metabolism Mexico Michael J. D. White Microevolution Middle Miocene disruption Missing heritability problem Mitochondrion Models of DNA evolution Modern synthesis (20th century)Modularity (biology)Mohamed Noor Molecular Ecology Molecular evolution Monogamy in animals Morphology (biology)Morphospecies Mosaic evolution Mouflon Mountain formation Mulde event Muller's ratchet Multicellular organism Mutation Mutational meltdown Mutationism Mutualism (biology)Natural selection Nature (journal)Nature Reviews Genetics Nature versus nurture Neil Campbell (scientist)Neo-Darwinism Neutral theory of molecular evolution Niles Eldredge Nonadaptive radiation Nonecological speciation Objections to evolution Olson's Extinction On the Origin of Species Orator F. Cook Organ (biology)Origin and function of meiosis Origin of avian flight Origin of birds Orthogenesis Out-crossing Outline of evolution Overabundant species Overexploitation Overshoot (population)Ox Oxford University Press Paleobiology (journal)Paleontology Paleopolyploidy Pamela S. Soltis Panspermia Paradox of enrichment Parallel evolution Parallel speciation Parapatric speciation Parental investment Parent–offspring conflict Parthenogenesis Peripatric speciation Permian–Triassic extinction event Petroica multicolor Phenotype Phenotypic plasticity Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Phyletic gradualism Phylogenetic tree Phylogenetics Plastid Pleiotropy Pliocene Point mutation Pollinator-mediated selection Polymorphism (biology)Polyploid Polyploidy Population (biology)Population bottleneck Population genetics Princeton University Press Programmed cell death Protocell Prussian carp Pseudoextinction Psychological Science (journal)Punctuated equilibrium Quantitative genetics Quasi-extinction Quaternary extinction event Rate of evolution Recent human evolution Reciprocal altruism Recombinational speciation Red Queen hypothesis Reinforcement (speciation)Rejection of evolution by religious groups Reproductive isolation Rhagoletis pomonella Richard Dawkins Rift Valley lakes Ring species River Out of Eden Saltation (biology)Sarah Otto Science (journal)Scientific American Secondary contact Selection (biology)Selection (genetic algorithm)Selective breeding Sergey Gavrilets Sex-determination system Sexual dimorphism Sexual reproduction Sexual selection Sexual selection in flowering plants Sexual selection in fungi Sheep Signalling theory Silent mutation Simon & Schuster Sinauer Associates Small population size Social effects of evolutionary theory Social selection Sociobiology Spandrel (biology)Speciation in birds Speciation in fish Speciation in insects Speciation in plants Speciation in the fossil record Species Species complex Species problem Stephen Jay Gould Steven Pinker Structuralism (biology)Sunflower Sven Erik Jørgensen Symbiogenesis Sympatric speciation Sympatry Systematic Zoology Systematics TalkOrigins Archive Taxon Taxonomy (biology)Teleology in biology Teleonomy Tempo and Mode in Evolution Tennessee cave salamander Teosinte The American Naturalist The Evolution of Human Sexuality The Growth of Biological Thought The Panda's Thumb (book)The eclipse of Darwinism Theistic evolution Theodosius Dobzhansky Theoretical Population Biology Three-spined stickleback Timeline of extinctions in the Holocene Timeline of paleontology Timeline of the evolutionary history of life Toarcian turnover Toba catastrophe theory Tom Tutin Toward a New Philosophy of Biology Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance Transitional fossil Transmutation of species Transposable element Trends (journals)Triassic–Jurassic extinction event Trivers–Willard hypothesis Uniformitarianism Unit of selection Universal Darwinism Universal Publishers (United States)University of Rochester Vicar of Bray (scientific hypothesis)Viral evolution Vitalism Voluntary Human Extinction Movement W. H. Freeman and Company W. W. Norton & Company Wallace effect Wiley-Blackwell Wolbachia Yak Zea (plant)Zygosity Zygote

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