Niche construction

Definition

Niche construction is the ecological process by which an organism alters its own local environment. These alterations can be a physical change to the organism's environment, or it can encompass the active movement of an organism from one habitat to another where it then experiences different environmental pressures. Examples of niche construction include the building of nests and burrows by animals, the creation of shade, the influencing of wind speed, and alternations to nutrient cycling by plants. Although these modifications are often directly beneficial to the constructor, they are not necessarily always. For example, when organisms dump detritus, they can degrade their own local environments. Within some biological evolutionary frameworks, niche construction can actively beget processes pertaining to ecological inheritance whereby the organism in question "constructs" new or unique ecologic, and perhaps even sociologic environmental realities characterized by specific selective pressures.

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