Epistemology

Definition

Epistemology is the main branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. Also called the theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience. Epistemologists study the concepts of belief, truth, and justification to understand the nature of knowledge. To discover how knowledge arises, they investigate sources of justification, such as perception, introspection, memory, reason, and testimony.

Related concepts

A. J. Ayer A priori and a posteriori Abhidharma Absolute idealism Academic Skepticism Academic skepticism Achintya Bheda Abheda Action (philosophy)Action theory (philosophy)Adam Morton Advaita Vedanta Aesthetic emotions Aesthetics African epistemology African philosophy Africana philosophy Agriculturalism Agrippa's trilemma Ajñana Al-Farabi Al-Ghazali Alexander Bird Alfred R. Mele Alibi Allan Hazlett Alvin Goldman Alvin I. Goldman Alvin Plantinga American Philosophical Quarterly American philosophy Analytic philosophy Analytical Marxism Analytical feminism Analytic–synthetic distinction Anamnesis (philosophy)Anarchism Ancient Egyptian philosophy Ancient Greek Ancient Greek philosophy Ancient India Ancient Roman philosophy Ancient philosophy Anekantavada Anil Gupta (philosopher)Anita Avramides Anselm of Canterbury Anthony Kennedy Warder Anthropology Anti-realism Antihumanism Applied epistemology Applied ethics Applied philosophy Argument Aristotelianism Aristotle Artificial intelligence Ataraxia Atomism Augustine of Hippo Augustinianism Australian philosophy Automatic reasoning Averroes Averroism Avicennism Axiological Aztec philosophy Baruch Spinoza Bayesian epistemology Behaviorism Belief Belief revision Berlin Circle Bertrand Russell Bhedabheda Blank slate Bloodstain pattern analysis Brain in a vat British idealism British philosophy Bryan Magee Buddhist Buddhist philosophy Byzantine philosophy C. Stephen Evans Carl Martin Allwood Cartesian doubt Cartesianism Categories of understanding Certainty Chan Buddhism Character trait Charles Peirce Charvaka Chinese philosophy Christian philosophy Christopher Hookway Church Fathers Circular reasoning Classical Realism Classical conditioning Classical liberalism Cognition Cognitive science Cognitive sociology Cognitivism (psychology)Coherence theory of truth Coherentism Collectivism and individualism Common sense Communitarianism Compatibilism Computational epistemology Conceptualism Confucianism Conscientiousness Consequentialism Conservatism Consistent Constructivism (philosophy of science)Constructivist epistemology Contemporary philosophy Contextualism Continental philosophy Continuum (measurement)Contradictions Contrastivism Correspondence theory of truth Credence (statistics)Critical rationalism Critical theory Cynicism (philosophy)Cyrenaics Czech philosophy Daniel Bonevac Danish philosophy David Hume David Lewis (philosopher)Decision theory Declarative sentence Decolonization of knowledge Deconstruction Defeater Definitions of knowledge Deflationary theory of truth Deontology Descriptive knowledge Determinism Dharmakirti Direct and indirect realism Direct realism Dispositio Disposition Dominant ideology Doubt Douglas N. Walton Doxa Doxastic voluntarism Dream argument Duncan Pritchard Dutch philosophy Dvaita Vedanta E. J. Lowe (philosopher)Early modern philosophy Eastern philosophy Edmund Gettier Edmund Husserl Edo neo-Confucianism Education Eleatics Eliminative materialism Elizabeth S. Anderson Emergentism Empirical Empiricism Epicureanism Epidemiology Epiphenomenalism Episteme Epistemic conservatism Epistemic injustice Epistemic logic Epistemic relativism Epistemic virtue Epistemological particularism Epistemological pluralism Epistemology (album)Epistemology of Wikipedia Epistemology of ethics Epistemology of logic Epistemology of metaphysics Epistemology of science Epistemology of testimony Epoche Eretrian school Eric Schwitzgebel Ernest Sosa Essence Ethical intuitionism Ethics Ethics of belief Ethiopian philosophy Event (philosophy)Evidence Evidentialism Evolution Evolutionary epistemology Existentialism Experimental philosophy Exploratory thought Fact Faith Faith and rationality Fallacy Fallibilism Fallible Falliblism Falsifiability Feminist Feminist epistemology Feminist philosophy Fideism Folk psychology Formal epistemology Formalism (art)Foundationalism Foundherentism Frank Cameron Jackson Frank Griffel Frankfurt School Fred Dretske Fredrik Barth Free will French philosophy Functionalism (philosophy of mind)G. E. Moore Gaṅgeśa Gender Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel George Berkeley George S. Pappas German idealism German philosophy Gettier problem Gilbert Harman Gilbert Ryle Gilles Deleuze Gnoseology God exists Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Grammar Hanna Kokko Hard determinism Hard incompatibilism Hauntology Havi Carel Hearing Hegelianism Hellenistic philosophy Hermeneutics Hilary Kornblith Hilary Putnam Hindu philosophy Historical epistemology Historicism History of philosophy History of philosophy in Finland History of philosophy in Poland Holism Huayan Human mind Humanism I think, therefore I am Idealism Ignorance Igor Douven Illuminationism Illusion Immanuel Kant Incoherence of the Philosophers Incompatibilism Indian philosophy Indigenous American philosophy Individualism Indonesian philosophy Inductive reasoning Infallible Inference Infinitism Information Innate ideas Innatism Institutional theory of art Instrumental value Intention Internalism and externalism Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Introspection Ionian School (philosophy)Iranian philosophy Islamic philosophy Italian idealism Italian philosophy J. L. Austin J. P. Moreland Jain epistemology Jain philosophy James Pryor Jan Wolenski Japanese philosophy Jason Stanley Jay Rosenberg Jean-François Lyotard Jennifer Lackey Jewish philosophy Jiyuan Yu John D. Dunne John Dewey John Kekes John Locke John McDowell John Rawls John Stuart Mill Jonathan Dancy Jonathan L. Kvanvig Joseph Margolis Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400)Justification (epistemology)Kalam Kantianism Karl Popper Kayla C. King Keith DeRose Knowledge Knowledge-first epistemology Knowledge by acquaintance Knowledge falsification Knowledge representation Kokugaku Korean Confucianism Korean philosophy Krausism Kyoto School Larissa Lasagna Laurence BonJour Laws of thought Learning theory (education)Legal positivism Legalism (Chinese philosophy)Lewis A. Coser Libertarianism (metaphysics)Linda Zagzebski Linguistics Linsey McGoey List of Slovene philosophers List of Turkish philosophers List of epistemologists Literal translation Lloyd Gerson Logic Logical positivism Logical positivists Logical reasoning Ludwig Wittgenstein Madhyamaka Maria Rosa Antognazza Mark Alfano Marta Vieira da Silva Marxist philosophy Materialism Mathematics Matthias Gross Max Scheler Mazdakism Medieval period Medieval philosophy Megarian school Memory Mencius Mental state Mental states Meta-ethics Meta (prefix)Metaepistemology Metanarrative Metaphilosophy Metaphysical naturalism Metaphysics Metatheory Meteorology Michael Glanzberg Michael P. Lynch Michael R. Ayers Michel Foucault Middle Eastern philosophy Middle Platonism Mind–body dualism Miranda Fricker Mithraism Modern era Modern philosophy Modernism Modus ponens Mohism Monism Moral absolutism Moral nihilism Moral particularism Moral realism Moral skepticism Moral universalism Mozi Mīmāṃsā Naima Khatoon Natural law Natural sciences Natural selection Naturalism (philosophy)Naturalized epistemology Navya-Nyāya Naïve realism Necessity and sufficiency Nelson Goodman Neo-Confucianism Neo-Kantianism Neo-Marxism Neo-scholasticism Neoplatonism Neopythagoreanism New Confucianism New historicism Newtonianism Nicholas Rescher Nicholas Wolterstorff Nico Stehr Nigel Warburton Nihilism Nimbarka Sampradaya Nominalism Norm (philosophy)Normative ethics Normativity Nyaya Nyāya Objective idealism Objectivism Objectivity (philosophy)Occamism Ontology Open-mindedness Ordinary language philosophy Outline of epistemology Outline of philosophy P. F. Strawson Pakistani philosophy Particular Pascal Engel Paul Grice Pedagogy Perception Peripatetic school Personal epistemology Perth Peter Abelard Peter D. Klein Peter Van Inwagen Phenomenalism Phenomenology (philosophy)Philosophical analysis Philosophical methodology Philosophical pessimism Philosophical realism Philosophical skepticism Philosophy Philosophy in Canada Philosophy in Malta Philosophy in Taiwan Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard Philosophy of education Philosophy of information Philosophy of language Philosophy of mathematics Philosophy of mind Philosophy of perception Philosophy of religion Philosophy of science Physicalism Plato Platonic Academy Pluralist theories of truth Political philosophy Positivism Post-structuralism Postanalytic philosophy Postcritique Posthumanism Postmodern Postmodern philosophy Potemkin village Practical knowledge Practical philosophy Practical reasoning Pragmatic theory of truth Pragmatism Pramāṇa Pre-Socratic philosophy Privileged access Probability Probability theory Problem of induction Problem of other minds Procedural knowledge Process philosophy Proposition Propositional attitude Propositional knowledge Psychology Pudgalavada Pyrrhonian skeptics Pyrrhonism Pythagoreanism Quietism (philosophy)Racism Rational intuition Rationalism Rationality Reality Reason Reductionism Reformed epistemology Regress argument Regress problem Relation (philosophy)Relativism Reliabilism Religious epistemology Religious experience Religious skepticism Religious text Renaissance humanism Renaissance philosophy René Descartes Richard A. Fumerton Robert Audi Robert Nozick Romanian philosophy Ronald Barnett Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Rule of inference Russian cosmism Russian philosophy Samkhya Sanford Goldberg Sarvastivada Saul Kripke Sautrāntika Scholasticism School of Names School of Naturalists School of the Sextii Scientific realism Scientific skepticism Scientism Scotism Scottish philosophy Second Sophistic Self-evidence Self-refuting idea Semantic holism Semantic theory of truth Sense Sense data Sense experience Sense of smell Sentence (linguistics)Sexual assault Shabda Shuddhadvaita Simplicity Skepticism Social constructionism Social contract Social epistemology Social philosophy Socialism Sociology of knowledge Solipsism Somatosensory system Sophist Soteriology Spanish philosophy Spinozism Spirituality Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Stephen Palmquist Stoicism Structuralism Student-centered learning Subjective idealism Subjectivism Sufi philosophy Superstition Susan Haack Susanna Siegel Svatantrika–Prasaṅgika distinction Systemics Syādvāda Søren Kierkegaard Taoism Taste Teaching method Testimony Theology Theoretical philosophy Theories of truth Theory Theory of Knowledge (IB Course)Theory of categories Theory of knowledge (disambiguation)Thomas Aquinas Thomas Baldwin (philosopher)Thomas Reid Thomism Thought experiment Tiantai Tibetan Buddhism Timothy McGrew Timothy Williamson Tom Chatfield Tom Rockmore Transactionalism Transcendental idealism Transcendentalism Truth Tsampa Ubuntu philosophy Uncertainty Understanding Upanishads Utilitarianism Vaisheshika Validity (logic)Value (ethics and social sciences)Value theory Vedanta Vedas Vienna Circle Vietnamese philosophy Vincent F. Hendricks Vincent Shen Virtue epistemology Virtue ethics Vishishtadvaita Visual perception Wang Yangming Western Marxism Western philosophy Wilfrid Sellars Willard Van Orman Quine William Alston William Harold Payne William Lane Craig William of Ockham Wisdom Witness testimony Worldview Xuanxue Xunzi (philosopher)Yangism Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Yogachara Yugoslav philosophy Zen Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Ājīvika Āstika and nāstika Śūnyatā

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