Argument

Definition

An argument is one or more premises—sentences, statements, or propositions—directed towards arriving at a logical conclusion. The purpose of an argument is to give reasons for one's thinking and understanding via justification, explanation, or persuasion. As a series of logical steps, arguments are intended to determine or show the degree of truth or acceptability of a logical conclusion.

Related concepts

Abductive reasoning Abstract logic Accident (fallacy)Ackermann set theory Ad hominem Ad nauseam Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise Affirming a disjunct Affirming the consequent Aleph number Algebraic logic Alphabet (formal languages)Ambiguity Analogy Anecdotal evidence Animistic fallacy Antithesis Appeal to accomplishment Appeal to consequences Appeal to emotion Appeal to fear Appeal to flattery Appeal to loyalty Appeal to motive Appeal to nature Appeal to novelty Appeal to pity Appeal to ridicule Appeal to spite Appeal to the law Appeal to the stone Appeal to tradition Argument (disambiguation)Argument form Argument from analogy Argument from anecdote Argument from authority Argument from fallacy Argument from incredulity Argument from silence Argument map Argument mining Argument scheme Argument to moderation Argumentation Argumentation scheme Argumentum ad baculum Argumentum ad crumenam Argumentum ad lazarum Argumentum ad populum Arity Association fallacy Atomic formula Atomic model (mathematical logic)Atomic sentence Attacking Faulty Reasoning Automata theory Automated theorem proving Axiom Axiom of choice Axiom schema Axiomatic system Axiomatization of Boolean algebras Banach–Tarski paradox Base rate fallacy Bayes' theorem Begging the question Belief Belief bias Bias Bijection Binary operation Boolean algebra Boolean algebras canonically defined Boolean function Boolean logic Brian Martin (social scientist)Bulverism Cantor's diagonal argument Cantor's paradox Cantor's theorem Cardinality Cartesian product Catarina Dutilh Novaes Categorical theory Category (mathematics)Category of sets Category theory Charles Taylor (philosopher)Chaïm Perelman Cherry picking Chronological snobbery Church encoding Church–Turing thesis Circular reasoning Class (set theory)Classical logic Cliché Codomain Compactness theorem Complement (set theory)Complete theory Complex question Computability theory Computable function Computable set Computably enumerable set Computer science Concrete category Conflation Conjunction fallacy Conservative extension Consistency Constructible universe Construction of the real numbers Constructive set theory Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics)Continuum hypothesis Converse accident Correlation does not imply causation Correlative-based fallacies Corresponding conditional (logic)Cosmological argument Countable set Counter argument Credibility Critical thinking Decidability (logic)Decision problem Deductive argument Deductive logic Deductive reasoning Deductive system Defeasible reasoning Denying the antecedent Denying the correlative Diagram (mathematical logic)Dialectic Dialetheism Disagreement (disambiguation)Discourse Domain of a function Double-barreled question Double counting (fallacy)Douglas Harper Douglas N. Walton Ecological fallacy Edward N. Zalta Element (mathematics)Elementary diagram Elementary equivalence Elementary function arithmetic Empty set Entailment Enthymeme Enumeration Equiconsistency Equivalence relation Equivocation Etymological fallacy Euclid's Elements Euclidean geometry Evidence Evidence-based policy Existential fallacy Existential import Existential quantification Explanation Explanatory power Expression (mathematics)Extension by definitions Extension by new constant and function names Extensionality Fact Fallacies of illicit transference Fallacy Fallacy of accent Fallacy of composition Fallacy of division Fallacy of exclusive premises Fallacy of four terms Fallacy of relevance Fallacy of the single cause Fallacy of the undistributed middle Fallible False attribution False dilemma False equivalence False precision Faulty generalization Fictionalism Finitary relation Finite-valued logic Finite model theory Finite set Finitism First-order logic Fixed-point logic Flag-waving Forcing (mathematics)Formal fallacy Formal grammar Formal language Formal logic Formal proof Formal semantics (logic)Formal system Formalism (mathematics)Formation rule Foundations of geometry Foundations of mathematics Free logic Free variables and bound variables Function (mathematics)Functional predicate Furtive fallacy Fuzzy set Gambler's fallacy General set theory Genetic fallacy Grothendieck universe Ground expression Ground formula Gödel's completeness theorem Gödel's incompleteness theorems Gödel numbering Halting problem Henri Poincaré Hereditary set Higher-order logic Hilbert's axioms Hilbert system History of logic History of mathematical logic How to Do Things With Words Hypothesis I'm entitled to my opinion If and only if Illicit major Illicit minor Image (mathematics)In-group favoritism Inaccessible cardinal Independence (mathematical logic)Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project Inductive argument Inductive arguments Inductive inference Inductive logic Inductive reasoning Inference Infinite-valued logic Infinite set Informal fallacy Informal logic Information systems Information theory Inhabited set Injective function Inquiry Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Interpretation (logic)Interpretation (model theory)Interpretation function Intersection (set theory)Intuitionism Invented here Inverse gambler's fallacy Invincible ignorance fallacy Ipse dixit Irrelevant conclusion Island mentality Isomorphism K. R. Popper Knowledge-based systems Kolmogorov complexity Kripke's theory of truth Kripke–Platek set theory L. S. Stebbing Lambda calculus Large cardinal Leading question Lemma (mathematics)Lindström's theorem List of Hilbert systems List of axioms List of fallacies List of first-order theories List of formal systems List of mathematical theories List of set identities and relations List of statements independent of ZFC Loaded language Loaded question Logic Logical atomism Logical biconditional Logical conjunction Logical connective Logical consequence Logical constant Logical disjunction Logical equality Logical equivalence Logical reasoning Logical truth Logicism Loki's Wager Löwenheim–Skolem theorem Many-valued logic Map (mathematics)Map–territory relation Masked-man fallacy Material conditional Mathematical fallacy Mathematical induction Mathematical logic Mathematical object Mathematics McNamara fallacy Metalanguage Michel Foucault Military budget of the United States Minimal axioms for Boolean algebra Modal scope fallacy Model complete theory Model theory Monadic predicate calculus Monadic second-order logic Moral equivalence Moralistic fallacy Morse–Kelley set theory Motte-and-bailey fallacy Moving the goalposts NP (complexity)Naive set theory Natural deduction Natural language Naturalistic fallacy Negation Negative conclusion from affirmative premises New Foundations Nikolas Kompridis Nirvana fallacy No true Scotsman Nominalism Non-Euclidean geometry Non-logical symbol Non-monotonic reasoning Non-standard model Non-standard model of arithmetic Not invented here Occam's razor Online Etymology Dictionary Ontology Open formula Operation (mathematics)Opinion Ordinal analysis Ordinal number Ordinary language Overwhelming exception P (complexity)P versus NP problem Parade of horribles Paradoxes of set theory Partition of a set Peano axioms Persuasion PhilPapers Philosophical analysis Philosophical logic Philosophical razor Philosophical realism Philosophy of mathematics Platonic realism Poisoning the well Post hoc ergo propter hoc Power set Practical arguments Pragmatism Predicate (mathematical logic)Predicate logic Predicate variable Premise Prime model Primitive recursive arithmetic Primitive recursive function Principia Mathematica Problem of induction Proof by assertion Proof by example Proof of impossibility Proof procedure Proof theory Propaganda Proposition Propositional calculus Propositional formula Propositional variable Proto-Indo-European Prudence Psychologist's fallacy Quantifier (logic)Quantifier rank Quantifier shift Questionable cause Quoting out of context Rationalization (psychology)Reason Reason (argument)Recursion Recursive set Red-baiting Red herring Reductio ad Hitlerum Regression fallacy Reification (fallacy)Relation (mathematics)Relevance Retroduction Reverse mathematics Rhetoric Rigour Rob Grootendorst Robert Audi Robinson arithmetic Ronald Loui Rule of inference Russell's paradox Sampling bias Satisfiability Saturated model Schröder–Bernstein theorem Sealioning Second-order arithmetic Second-order logic Secundum quid Self-verifying theories Semantic argument Semantic theory of truth Semantics of logic Sentence (linguistics)Sentence (mathematical logic)Sequent calculus Set (mathematics)Set theory Signature (logic)Singleton (mathematics)Skolem arithmetic Slippery slope Slothful induction Socratic method Sorites paradox Soundness Special pleading Spectrum of a sentence Spectrum of a theory Square of opposition Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Statement (logic)Statistical syllogism Straw man Strength (mathematical logic)String (formal languages)Structure (mathematical logic)Substitution (logic)Substructure (mathematics)Supertask Suppressed correlative Surjective function Syllogism Syllogistic fallacy Symbol (formal)Syntactic ambiguity Syntax (logic)T-schema T. Edward Damer Tacit knowledge Tarski's axiomatization of the reals Tarski's axioms Tarski's theory of truth Tarski's undefinability theorem Tarski–Grothendieck set theory Tautology (logic)Term (logic)Term logic Texas sharpshooter fallacy The Four Great Errors Theorem Theories of truth Theory Theory (mathematical logic)Think of the children Three-valued logic Timeline of mathematical logic Tone policing Transcendental arguments Transfer principle Transitive set True arithmetic Truth Truth predicate Truth table Truth value Truthbearer Tu quoque Turing machine Two wrongs make a right Type (model theory)Type theory Ultrafilter (set theory)Ultraproduct Uncountable set Undecidable problem Uninterpreted function Union (set theory)Uniqueness quantification Unity of opposites Universal quantification Universal set Universe (mathematics)Urelement Vagueness Validity (logic)Variable (mathematics)Venn diagram Vincent F. Hendricks Von Neumann universe Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory Well-formed formula Whataboutism Wisdom of repugnance Wishful thinking World disclosure Yu. Manin Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory

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