Quantum computing

Definition

A quantum computer is a real or theoretical computer that exploits quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement in an essential way. It is widely believed that a quantum computer could perform some calculations exponentially faster than any classical computer. For example, a large-scale quantum computer could break some widely used encryption schemes and aid physicists in performing physical simulations. However, current hardware implementations of quantum computation are largely experimental and only suitable for specialized tasks.

Related concepts

1-bit computing 12-bit computing 128-bit computing 16-bit computing 24-bit computing 256-bit computing 32-bit computing 4-bit computing 48-bit computing 512-bit computing 64-bit computing 8-bit computing ACPI AI accelerator ARM architecture family Abelian group Abstract machine Acoustic levitation Adapteva Adder (electronics)Address decoder Address generation unit Addressing mode Adiabatic quantum computation Adiabatic quantum computer Adiabatic theorem Advanced Power Management Adversary (cryptography)Alexei Kitaev Algorithmic cooling Alternating Turing machine Aluminium American Physical Society Ammonia Amplitude amplification Analogue electronics Andrea Morello Andrew Hodges Anti-gravity Anyon Apollo Guidance Computer Application-specific instruction set processor Application-specific integrated circuit Applied Physics Reviews Arithmetic logic unit Association for Computing Machinery Asymmetric Algorithms Atom BB84 BHT algorithm BPP (complexity)BQP Bacon–Shor code Barrel processor Barrel shifter Barton Zwiebach Baseband processor Basic Books Bell's theorem Bell state Bell test Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm Bill Unruh Binary decoder Binary multiplier Binary number Bit Bit-level parallelism Bit-serial architecture Bit slicing Black box Bloch sphere Boltzmann machine Boolean circuit Boolean satisfiability problem Born rule Boson sampling Braid theory Branch predictor Branch target predictor Bra–ket notation Bus (computing)CPU cache CPU multiplier CSS code Cache (computing)Cache coherence Cache hierarchy Cache performance measurement and metric Cache replacement policies California Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts Carlton M. Caves Casimir effect Cat qubit quantum computer Cavity quantum electrodynamics Cellular architecture Cellular automaton Central processing unit Charge qubit Charles H. Bennett (physicist)Charles R. Doering Chinese Academy of Sciences Chip carrier Church–Turing thesis Circuit (computer science)Circuit quantum electrodynamics Cirq Classic RISC pipeline Classical capacity Classical electromagnetism Classical mechanics Clipper architecture Cloak of invisibility Clock gating Clock rate Clock signal Cloud-based quantum computing Cluster state Cobalt Coding theory Cognitive computing Collider Combinational logic Combinatorial optimization Communications of the ACM Comparison of instruction set architectures Complementarity (physics)Complex instruction set computer Complex number Complex numbers Complex programmable logic device Computability Computability theory Computational biology Computational problem Computer Computer architecture Computer data storage Computer engineering Computer performance Computer performance by orders of magnitude Computer science Consciousness causes collapse Consistent histories Continuous-variable quantum information Control hazard Control unit Controlled NOT gate Cooperative multitasking Copenhagen interpretation Coprocessor Cosmic rays Counter (digital)Counter machine Cross-entropy benchmarking Cryptanalysis Cryptographic keys Cryptographic protocols Cryptography Cycles per instruction Cypress PSoC D-Wave Systems DARPA DEC Alpha Daniel Lidar Data buffer Data cache Data dependency Data parallelism Dataflow architecture Datapath David Deutsch David DiVincenzo David P. DiVincenzo Davisson–Germer experiment De Broglie–Bohm theory Decoherence Deep neural networks Deferred measurement principle Degenerate energy levels Delayed-choice quantum eraser Demultiplexer Density matrix Derek Abbott Deterministic finite automaton Deutsch's algorithm Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm DiVincenzo's criteria Diffie–Hellman Digital computers Digital electronics Digital scent technology Digital signal processor Dihedral group Dilution refrigerator Dimension (vector space)Dirac equation Discrete logarithm Discrete logarithm problem Distributed architecture Double-slit experiment Drug discovery Dynamic frequency scaling Dynamic voltage scaling ETRAX CRIS Eastin–Knill theorem Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox Electrical current Electrical resistance Electromagnetic fields Electronic circuit Electronic quantum holography Elitzur–Vaidman bomb tester Elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman Embedded system Emerging technologies Encyclopedia of Mathematics Encyclopædia Britannica Endianness Energy level Ensemble interpretation Entanglement-assisted classical capacity Entanglement-assisted stabilizer formalism Entanglement distillation Entanglement swapping European Mathematical Society Europium Exact quantum polynomial time Excited state Execution unit Experimental physics Explicit data graph execution Explicitly parallel instruction computing Exponential time FIFO (electronic)FLOPS Fabric computing False sharing Fiber-optic cables Field-programmable gate array Field-programmable object array Finite-state machine Finite-state machine with datapath Five-qubit error correcting code Floating-point unit Flux qubit Flynn's taxonomy Force field (technology)Franck–Hertz experiment Function composition (computer science)GPU Gate array General-purpose computing on graphics processing units Gil Kalai Gilles Brassard Gleason's theorem Glossary of elementary quantum mechanics Glossary of quantum computing Glue logic Gnu code Google Google AI Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code Gottesman–Knill theorem Graphics processing unit Ground state Grover's algorithm HHL Algorithm HHL algorithm Haber process Hadamard gate Halting problem Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)Hamiltonian quantum computation Hardware acceleration Hardware register Hardware security module Hardwired control unit Harvard University Harvard architecture Hazard (computer architecture)Heisenberg picture Helium-3 Heterogeneous System Architecture Heterogeneous computing Hidden-variable theory Hidden matching problem Hidden subgroup problem Hierarchical state machine History of general-purpose CPUs History of quantum field theory History of quantum mechanics Holevo's theorem Holographic principle Howard Brandt Human computers Hyper-threading Hypercomputation IA-64 IBM IBM POWER architecture IBM Q System One IBM Quantum Experience IBM System/360 architecture IBM System/370 IBM System/390 IEEE IEEE Spectrum Image processor Immersion (virtual reality)India's quantum computer Information security Instruction-level parallelism Instruction cache Instruction cycle Instruction decoder Instruction pipelining Instruction set architecture Instruction unit Instructions per cycle Instructions per second Integer factorization Integrated circuit Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity Interaction picture Interpretations of quantum mechanics Introduction to quantum mechanics IonQ Ionizing radiation Isaac L. Chuang Ising model Isolated system Jiuzhang (quantum computer)John Preskill Jones polynomial KLM protocol Kane quantum computer Kelvin Key size Klein–Gordon equation LOCC Lattice-based cryptography Leonard Susskind Libquantum Linear algebra Linear combination Linear optical quantum computing List of emerging technologies List of proposed quantum registers List of quantum computing journals List of quantum key distribution protocols List of quantum processors Little man computer Load–store architecture Load–store unit Local hidden-variable theory Logic gate Lov Grover Low-density parity-check code M32R MIPS-X MIPS architecture MRI Machine learning Mach–Zehnder interferometer Magic state distillation Magnetic refrigeration Majorana equation Manhattan Project Many-worlds interpretation Manycore processor Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics Matrix (mathematics)Matrix mechanics Matrix multiplication McEliece cryptosystem Measurement-based quantum computer Measurement in quantum mechanics Measurement problem Memory-level parallelism Memory address register Memory buffer register Memory controller Memory dependence prediction Memory hierarchy Memory management unit Metacomputing Michael Freedman Michael J. Larsen Michael Nielsen Michele Mosca MicroBlaze Microarchitecture Microcode Microcontroller Microprocessor Microprocessor chronology Mikhail Dyakonov Minimal instruction set computer Mixed-signal integrated circuit Mobile processor Model of computation Modern computer Modern quantum theory Modified Harvard architecture Monogamy of entanglement Motorola 68000 series Multi-chip module Multi-core processor Multiple instruction, multiple data Multiple instruction, single data Multiplexer Multiprocessing Multiprocessor system on a chip Multithreading (computer architecture)N. David Mermin NASA NISQ NP-complete NP-hard NP (complexity)Nanotechnology Natural computing Nature (journal)Nature Electronics Network on a chip Network processor Neuromorphic engineering Neutral atom quantum computer New Scientist New York City Nitrogen-vacancy center Nitrogen fixation No-broadcasting theorem No-cloning theorem No-communication theorem No-deleting theorem No-hiding theorem No-teleportation theorem No instruction set computing Noise (signal processing)Noisy intermediate-scale quantum era Non-local quantum computation Non-uniform memory access Nondeterministic Turing machine Norm-squared Nuclear magnetic resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer Nuclear physics Objective-collapse theory Old quantum theory One-instruction set computer One-way quantum computer One clean qubit OpenQASM OpenRISC Operand forwarding Optical computing Oracle machine Orthogonal instruction set Out-of-order execution PBR theorem PDP-11 architecture PSPACE (complexity)P (complexity)Package on a package Parallel computing Password cracking Path integral formulation Paul Benioff Paul Davies Pauli equation Pell's equation Performance per watt Peter Fedichev Peter Shor Phase-space formulation Phase qubit Phased-array optics Philadelphia Physical and logical qubits Physicists Physics processing unit Pin grid array Pipeline stall Plasma window Pointer machine Polynomial time Popper's experiment Post-quantum cryptography PostBQP Post–Turing machine PowerPC Power ISA Power Management Unit Power management Power management integrated circuit Preemption (computing)Prime number Princeton University Princeton University Press Probabilistic Turing machine Probability amplitude Probability theory Probability vector Process (computing)Processor (computing)Processor design Processor register Program analysis Program counter Programmable Array Logic Programmer Psi (Greek)Public key cryptography Pulse shaping QIP (complexity)QMA Q Sharp Qiskit QpiAI-Indus QuEra Computing Quadratic unconstrained binary optimisation Quantum Bayesianism Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Quantum Fourier transform Quantum Turing machine Quantum algorithm Quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations Quantum algorithms Quantum amplifier Quantum annealing Quantum biology Quantum bus Quantum capacity Quantum cellular automaton Quantum channel Quantum chaos Quantum chemistry Quantum circuit Quantum cognition Quantum coherence Quantum coin flipping Quantum complexity theory Quantum computing scaling laws Quantum controllers Quantum convolutional code Quantum cosmology Quantum counting algorithm Quantum cryptography Quantum decoherence Quantum differential calculus Quantum dynamics Quantum electronics Quantum energy teleportation Quantum engineering Quantum entanglement Quantum eraser experiment Quantum error correction Quantum field theory Quantum finite automaton Quantum fluctuation Quantum gate Quantum gate teleportation Quantum geometry Quantum gravity Quantum image processing Quantum imaging Quantum information Quantum information science Quantum jump Quantum key distribution Quantum logic Quantum logic clock Quantum logic gate Quantum machine Quantum machine learning Quantum measurement Quantum mechanics Quantum memory Quantum metamaterial Quantum metrology Quantum mind Quantum money Quantum mysticism Quantum network Quantum networks Quantum neural network Quantum nonlocality Quantum optics Quantum optimization algorithms Quantum phase estimation algorithm Quantum programming Quantum secret sharing Quantum sensing Quantum sensor Quantum simulation Quantum simulator Quantum spacetime Quantum speed limit theorems Quantum state Quantum state purification Quantum state vector Quantum statistical mechanics Quantum stochastic calculus Quantum superposition Quantum supremacy Quantum technology Quantum teleportation Quantum tunnelling Quantum volume Quantum weirdness Quasi-particle Qubit Qubits Queue automaton Quil (instruction set architecture)RISC-V ROM image RSA (algorithm)RSA (cryptosystem)RSA encryption Random-access machine Random-access stored-program machine Random number generation Randomized algorithm Randomized benchmarking Rare-earth element Rarita–Schwinger equation Raymond Laflamme Re-order buffer Reduced instruction set computer Register file Register machine Register renaming Register–memory architecture Relational quantum mechanics Relativistic quantum mechanics Relaxation (NMR)Reservation station Reviews of Modern Physics Richard Feynman Rigetti Computing Rydberg formula SARG04 SPARC SUPS SWAR San Jose, California Santa Fe, New Mexico Scalar processor Scattering Schrödinger's cat Schrödinger's cat in popular culture Schrödinger equation Schrödinger picture Schrödinger–HJW theorem Scoreboarding Scott Aaronson Scratchpad memory Secondary storage Secure cryptoprocessor Semiconductor Semiconductor device fabrication Sequential logic Seth Lloyd Shor's algorithm Shor code Sibos (conference)Simon's algorithm Simon's problem Simulating quantum dynamics Simultaneous and heterogeneous multithreading Simultaneous multithreading Single-core Single instruction, multiple data Single instruction, multiple threads Single instruction, single data Single program, multiple data Soft microprocessor Solovay–Kitaev theorem Speculative execution Speculative multithreading Spin (physics)Spin qubit quantum computer Spin–lattice relaxation Spin–spin relaxation Springer Nature Springer Science+Business Media Stabilizer code Stack machine Stack register Standard basis Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Stanford MIPS State space (physics)Status register Steane code Stern–Gerlach experiment Steven Weinberg Stored-program computer Stream processing Structural hazard Sum-addressed decoder Summit (supercomputer)SuperH Supercomputer Superconducting Superconducting quantum computing Superconductor Superconductors Superdense coding Superdeterminism Superscalar processor Switch Sycamore processor Symmetric-key algorithm Symmetry in quantum mechanics Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science System in a package System on a chip TRIPS architecture Tanja Lange Task parallelism Temporal multithreading Tensor Processing Unit Tensor product The New York Times Theoretical computer science Thermoacoustic heat engine Thread (computing)Three-dimensional integrated circuit Threshold theorem Tick–tock model Tile processor Time complexity Timeline of quantum computing and communication Timeline of quantum mechanics Toffoli gate Tomasulo's algorithm Topological quantum computer Toric code Transactional interpretation Transactions per second Transistor count Translation lookaside buffer Transmon Transport triggered architecture Trapped-ion quantum computer Trapped ion Trapped ion quantum computer Turing machine Ultra-low-voltage processor Ultracold atom Uncertainty principle Unconventional computing Undecidable problem Unicore Uniform memory access Unit of information Unitarity (physics)Unitary matrix Universal Turing machine Universal quantum computer University of Science and Technology of China Unstructured data VAX VISC architecture Valleytronics Variational quantum eigensolver Vector (mathematics and physics)Vector processor Vector space Very long instruction word Virtual memory Vision processing unit Von Neumann architecture Wafer (electronics)Wave function Wave function collapse Wave interference Wave–particle duality Weyl equation Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment Wide-issue Wigner's friend Word (computer architecture)World War II World War II cryptography Write buffer X86 Yuri Manin Z/Architecture Zeno machine Zero-point energy Zero instruction set computer

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