Cognitive bias

Definition

A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, and irrationality.

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2021 Facebook leak 5G misinformation Abnormal psychology Academic bias Academic research Acquiescence bias Action slip Active Measures Working Group Actor–observer asymmetry Adaptive bias Affect heuristic Affective neuroscience Affective science Affinity bias Africa Check Algorithmic amplification Algorithmic radicalization Allais paradox Alternative facts Ambiguity aversion Ambiguity effect Amos Tversky Analytic hierarchy process Analytic network process Anchoring (cognitive bias)Anchoring effect Anomalistic psychology Anorexia nervosa Anscombe-Aumann subjective expected utility model Anti-vaccine activism Anxiety disorder Appeal to emotion Applied behavior analysis Applied psychology Arousal Astroturfing Attention Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention economy Attention inequality Attention management Attention span Attentional bias Attribute substitution Attribution bias Attribution theory Audience fragmentation Authority bias Autism Automation bias Availability cascade Availability heuristic Aviation psychology Baconian method Bandwagon effect Basic science (psychology)Basking in reflected glory Behavior Behavioral addiction Behavioral economics Behavioral modernity Behavioral neuroscience Behaviorism Behavioural genetics Belief bias Bellingcat Betteridge's law of headlines Bias Bias (statistics)Bias blind spot Bias in education Bias of an estimator Big Lie Binge-watching Bipolar disorder Black propaganda Body image Body image disturbance Bounded rationality Bruno de Finetti COVID-19 misinformation COVID-19 misinformation by governments COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy Causal decision theory Center for Countering Disinformation Certainty effect Cherry picking Choice-supportive bias Choice architecture Chumbox Circular reporting Citizen Lab Clair Cameron Patterson Clickbait Climate change denial Clinical psychology Coaching psychology Cognition Cognitive bias in animals Cognitive bias mitigation Cognitive bias modification Cognitive dissonance Cognitive distortion Cognitive ergonomics Cognitive flexibility Cognitive inertia Cognitive miser Cognitive neuroscience Cognitive psychology Cognitive reflection test Cognitive science Cognitive vulnerability Cognitivism (psychology)Community notes Community psychology Comparative psychology Compassion fade Competence (polyseme)Computer-mediated communication Computer addiction Computer rage Confirmation bias Conformity Congruence bias Conjunction fallacy Consciousness Conservatism (belief revision)Conspiracy theory Consumer behaviour Content moderation Cost-effectiveness analysis Cost–benefit analysis Cost–utility analysis Counseling psychology Counter Misinformation Team Counter disinformation unit Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act Counterpropaganda Critical psychology Critical thinking Criticism of Facebook Criticism of Netflix Cross-cultural psychology Crowd psychology Cultural bias Cultural cognition Cultural impact of TikTok Cultural psychology Culture war Curse of knowledge Cyberbullying Cyberpathology Cyberpsychology Daily Maverick Dan Ariely Daniel Kahneman David Blackwell David Buss David Schmeidler Debiasing Deception Decision-making Decision-matrix method Decision conferencing Decision curve analysis Decision field theory Decision rule Decision support system Decision table Decision theory Decision tree Decisional balance sheet Decisionmaking under deep uncertainty Declinism Decoy effect Deepfake Denialism Developmental psychology Differential psychology Digital anthropology Digital detox Digital divide Digital literacy Digital media use and mental health Digital sociology Digital zombie Disinformation Disinformation Governance Board Disinformation attack Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine Disinformation playbook Disinformation research Disposition effect Distinction bias Dog whistle (politics)Doomscrolling Dot-probe paradigm Double standard Doublespeak Doxxing Dunning–Kruger effect Déformation professionnelle East StratCom Task Force Eating disorder Ebola misinformation Echo chamber (media)Ecological psychology Ecological rationality Educational psychology Effects of violence in mass media Egocentric bias Electric utility Ellsberg paradox Embodied cognition Emotion Emotional bias Emotional choice theory Endowment effect Engineering psychology Epistemic injustice Ergonomics Escalation of commitment Ethyl Corporation Evidential decision theory Evolution of cognition Evolutionary mismatch Evolutionary psychiatry Evolutionary psychology Expectation bias Expected utility hypothesis Expected value Expected value of including uncertainty Expected value of perfect information Expected value of sample information Experimental psychology Exploration–exploitation dilemma Externality Extrinsic incentives bias ExxonMobil climate change denial FUTON bias Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal FactCheck.org Factoid Fading affect bias FakeReporter Fake news Fake news website Fake news websites Fake news websites in the United States Faktabaari Fallacies Fallacy False accusation False attribution False balance False consensus effect False dilemma Fascination with death Fashion psychology Fear, uncertainty, and doubt Fear of missing out Feeling Feminist psychology Filter bubble Firehose of falsehood Food psychology Forecast bias Forensic psychology Forgery as covert operation Formal fallacy Formal logic Fossil fuels lobby Framing (social sciences)Framing effect (psychology)Free Press (publisher)Frequency illusion Frog pond effect Full Fact Fundamental attribution error Funding bias Fuzzy-trace theory GMO conspiracy theories Game theory Gaslighting Gatekeeping (communication)Generalized anxiety disorder Genocide denial Gerd Gigerenzer Gestalt psychology Gish gallop Gittins index Greenwashing Griefer Group attribution error Group polarization Gut feelings HIV/AIDS denialism Half-truth Halo Effect Halo effect Harcourt Books Hard–easy effect HarperCollins Harvard Business Review Health literacy Health psychology Healthy user bias Herbert A. Simon Heuristic Heuristic (psychology)Heuristics in judgment and decision-making Heuristics in judgment and decision making Hindsight bias Historical negationism History of psychology Hoax Holocaust denial Horn effect Hostile attribution bias Hot cognition Hot take Howard Raiffa Human-interest story Human intelligence Human multitasking Humanistic psychology Human–computer interaction Hyperbolic discounting Ideological bias on Wikipedia Illusion of asymmetric insight Illusion of transparency Illusory correlation Illusory superiority Impact bias Implicit stereotype Impression management In-group favoritism Index of psychology articles Inductive bias Industrial and organizational psychology Influence-for-hire Influence diagram Info-gap decision theory Infodemic Informal fallacy Information-theoretic Information bias (epidemiology)Information bias (psychology)Information explosion Information literacy Information overload Information pollution Information warfare Information–action ratio Infotainment Infrastructure bias Ingroup bias Inherent bias Innumeracy Insomnia Intelligence Intentionality bias International Fact-Checking Network International Jewish conspiracy International Organization for Standardization Internet addiction disorder Internet manipulation Internet sex addiction Intertemporal choice Introspection illusion Irrationality Itzhak Gilboa John von Neumann Journalistic scandal Jumping to conclusions Junk food news Jury trial Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Lancet MMR autism fraud Law of the instrument Lead Stories Lead time bias Least objectionable program Legal psychology Length time bias Leonard J. Savage Leximin Liking gap List of branches of psychology List of climate change video games List of cognitive biases List of conspiracy theories List of disinformation attacks by country List of fact-checking websites List of fake news websites List of fallacies List of political disinformation website campaigns List of psychological research methods List of psychological schools List of psychologists List of psychology organizations List of psychotherapies List of satirical fake news websites List of social networking services Logically (company)Loss aversion Low information voter Magical thinking Major depressive disorder Malinformation Manipulation (psychology)Maria Ressa Maslow's hierarchy of needs Mass shooting contagion Mathematical psychology Mean world syndrome Media (communication)Media Bias/Fact Check Media bias Media bias in South Asia Media bias in the United States Media coverage of the Arab–Israeli conflict Media culture Media literacy Media manipulation Media multitasking Media naturalness theory Media portrayal of the Ukrainian crisis Media psychology Media studies Medical diagnosis Medical psychology Memetic warfare Mental accounting Mental illness denial Mental state Mere-exposure effect Military psychology Mind Minimax Misbar Misinformation Misinformation effect Misinformation in the Gaza war Misinformation related to abortion Misinformation related to birth control Missing white woman syndrome Misuse of statistics Mobbing Mobile phones and driving safety Moral panic Moral psychology Morris H. DeGroot Motivated reasoning Multi-attribute utility Multiple-criteria decision analysis Music psychology Narcissistic personality disorder Narrative bias Naturalistic decision-making Naïve realism (psychology)Negativity bias Neglect of probability Negotiation Neophile Net bias Neuroergonomics Neuropsychology Neuroscience New World Order conspiracy theory Newcomb's problem NewsGuard News values Nomophobia Norm (philosophy)Normalcy bias Normative model of decision-making Numeracy Objectivity (philosophy)Observer bias Obsessive–compulsive disorder Occupational health psychology Omission bias Omitted-variable bias Online Safety Amendment Online gambling Online youth radicalization Operations research Opposition to water fluoridation Optimism bias Orders of magnitude Oskar Morgenstern Out-group homogeneity Outcome bias Outgroup homogeneity bias Outline of counseling Outline of psychology Outside view Overconfidence Overconfidence effect Overton window Participation bias Pastoral psychology Path dependence Peace psychology Peer pressure Perception Perception management Personality psychology Peter C. Fishburn Peter Wakker Photo psychology Phubbing Physical attractiveness Physical attractiveness stereotype Pignistic probability Pink-slime journalism Police psychology PolitiFact Political bias Political endorsement Political polarization Political polarization in the United States Political psychology Political science Positive psychology Post-truth politics Potemkin village Precision bias Predictably Irrational Prejudice Present bias Presumption of guilt Priming (psychology)Principle of indifference Pro-ana Pro-innovation bias Probability calculus Problematic smartphone use Problematic social media use Programmatic advertising Projection bias Projeto Comprova Propaganda Prospect theory Proximity bias Pseudocertainty effect Pseudoscience Psychiatry Psychobiography Psychohistory Psycholinguistics Psychological Bulletin Psychological effects of Internet use Psychological testing Psychological warfare Psychology Psychology of art Psychology of climate change denial Psychology of color Psychology of religion Psychometrics Psychophysiology Psychotherapy Public relations Publication bias Publications about disinformation Quackwatch Quantitative psychology Quantum cognition Quote mining R. Duncan Luce Rabin's paradox Rachel Carson Rage farming Rappler Rational choice theory Rationality Recall bias Recognition-primed decision Red herring Red mercury Reference class forecasting Reference dependence Regret (decision theory)Reporting bias Representativeness heuristic Reproducibility Response bias Restraint bias Richards Heuer Risk-seeking Risk aversion Robert A. Kehoe Robust decision-making Rosy retrospection Rubicon model Rules of thumb Rumors Russian disinformation Safety of journalists Salience (neuroscience)Sampling bias Satisficing Savage's subjective expected utility model School psychology Science communication Scientific consensus Scientific fabrication Scientific literacy Scientific skepticism Scoring rule Screen time Sealioning Selection bias Selective perception Self-perception theory Self-selection bias Self-serving bias Sensationalism Sentence (law)Sex differences in psychology Silent Spring Skepticism Smartphones and pedestrian safety Smear campaign Snopes Social-desirability bias Social anxiety disorder Social aspects of television Social bot Social choice theory Social cognitive neuroscience Social comparison bias Social impact of YouTube Social influence Social influence bias Social media addiction trials Social media and political communication in the United States Social media and suicide Social media in the 2016 United States presidential election Social media in the 2020 United States presidential election Social media use in politics Social networking service Social psychology Soft media Somatic markers hypothesis Space psychology Spaving Spectrum bias Spike (journalism)Spin (propaganda)Spiral of silence Sport psychology Spotlight effect St. Petersburg paradox State-sponsored Internet propaganda Status quo Status quo bias Sticky content Stock trader StopFake Strategic dominance Strategy of tension Stroop effect Subadditivity effect Subfields of psychology Subjective expected utility Suicide and the Internet Suicidology Sunk cost Sunk costs Superiority bias Sure-thing principle Surveillance capitalism Survivorship bias System justification Systematic error Systemic bias Systems psychology Tabloid journalism Tabloid television Tahaqaq Technophilia Technophobia Technostress Television addiction Television consumption Temporal discounting Terror management theory Texting while driving The Disinformation Project The Quint Theoretical psychology Theory-ladenness Thinking, Fast and Slow Time-saving bias Timeline of psychology Tobacco industry playbook Traffic psychology Trait ascription bias Transgender health care misinformation Trial by media Truth sandwich Truthiness Turkey illusion Two-factor theory of emotion USAFacts Ultimate attribution error United States Information Agency United States news media and the Vietnam War User-generated content Utility theory Vaccine misinformation Vaccines and autism Value of information Vehicle insurance Verificado 2018 Verification bias Video game addiction Violence and video games Von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem Von Restorff effect Watchdog journalism Wet bias Whataboutism White hat bias Wisdom of the crowd Wolfgang Stroebe Worse-than-average effect Yellow journalism Zero-risk bias

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